Haskell日期解析和格式化

Question

I've been working with Haskell's Date.Time modules to parse a date like 12-4-1999 or 1-31-1999 . I tried:

parseDay :: String -> Day
parseDay s = readTime defaultTimeLocale "%m%d%Y" s

And I think it wants my months and days to have exactly two digits instead of 1 or 2...

What's the proper way to do this?

Also, I'd like to print out my Day in this format: 12/4/1999 what's the Haskell way to?

Thanks for the help.

Answer 1

You can use the functions in Data.Time.Format to read in the dates. I've included a trivial program below that reads in a date in one format and writes that date back out in two different formats. To read in single-digit months or days, place a single hyphen (-) between the % and format specifier. In other words to parse dates formatted like 9-9-2012 then include a single hyphen between the % and the format characters. So to parse "9-9-2012" you would need the format string "%-d-%-m-%Y".

Note: This answer is getting a bit long-in-the-tooth given the rate at which Haskell packages evolve. It might be time to look for a better solution. I'm no longer writing Haskell so it would be nice if someone else created another answer since this question ranks highly in Google results.

As of July 2017 , the below code uses the now deprecated parseTime. You are encouraged to use parseTimeOrError now. The code becomes:

import Data.Time

main =
  do
    let dateString = "26 Jan 2012 10:54 AM"
    let timeFromString = parseTimeOrError True defaultTimeLocale "%d %b %Y %l:%M %p" dateString :: UTCTime
    -- Format YYYY/MM/DD HH:MM
    print $ formatTime defaultTimeLocale "%Y/%m/%d %H:%M" timeFromString
    -- Format MM/DD/YYYY hh:MM AM/PM
    print $ formatTime defaultTimeLocale "%m/%d/%Y %I:%M %p" timeFromString

    -- now for a string with single digit months and days:
    let dateString = "9-8-2012 10:54 AM"
    let timeFromString = parseTimeOrError True defaultTimeLocale "%-d-%-m-%Y %l:%M %p" dateString :: UTCTime
    -- Format YYYY/MM/DD HH:MM
    print $ formatTime defaultTimeLocale "%Y/%m/%d %H:%M" timeFromString

The versions from the .cabal file: build-depends: base >=4.9 && <4.10, time >= 1.6.0.1

As of August, 2014 , the locale was best obtained from the "System.Locale" package rather than the Haskell 1998 "Locale" package. With that in mind, the sample code from above now reads:

import System.Locale
import Data.Time
import Data.Time.Format

main =
  do
    let dateString = "26 Jan 2012 10:54 AM"
    let timeFromString = readTime defaultTimeLocale "%d %b %Y %l:%M %p" dateString :: UTCTime
    -- Format YYYY/MM/DD HH:MM
    print $ formatTime defaultTimeLocale "%Y/%m/%d %H:%M" timeFromString
    -- Format MM/DD/YYYY hh:MM AM/PM
    print $ formatTime defaultTimeLocale "%m/%d/%Y %I:%M %p" timeFromString

    -- now for a string with single digit months and days:
    let dateString = "9-8-2012 10:54 AM"
    let timeFromString = readTime defaultTimeLocale "%-d-%-m-%Y %l:%M %p" dateString :: UTCTime
    -- Format YYYY/MM/DD HH:MM
    print $ formatTime defaultTimeLocale "%Y/%m/%d %H:%M" timeFromString

output now looks like this:

"2012/01/26 10:54"
"01/26/2012 10:54 AM"
"2012/08/09 10:54"

**Original, January 2012 ** answer:

import Locale
import Data.Time
import Data.Time.Format

main =
  do
    let dateString = "26 Jan 2012 10:54 AM"
    let timeFromString = readTime defaultTimeLocale "%d %b %Y %l:%M %p" dateString :: UTCTime
    -- Format YYYY/MM/DD HH:MM
    print $ formatTime defaultTimeLocale "%Y/%m/%d %H:%M" timeFromString
    -- Format MM/DD/YYYY hh:MM AM/PM
    print $ formatTime defaultTimeLocale "%m/%d/%Y %I:%M %p" timeFromString

The output looks like this:

"2012/01/26 10:54"
"01/26/2012 10:54 AM"

Data.Time.Format is available from the "time" package. If you need to parse single-digit months or days, in other words dates like 9-9-2012 then include a single hyphen between the % and the format characters. So to parse "9-9-2012" you would need the format string "%-d-%-m-%Y".

Answer 2

Using %-d and %-m instead of %d and %m means single digit day/month is OK, ie

parseDay :: String -> Day
parseDay s = readTime defaultTimeLocale "%-m%-d%Y" s

This may be what sclv meant, but his comment was a little too cryptic for me.

Answer 3

从最近开始，我建议使用strptime软件包来满足您所有的日期/时间解析需求。

Answer 4

Here is some old code that contains two types of homemade dates, dates with just YMD, no time or timezones, etc.

It shows how to parse strings into dates using readDec . See the parseDate function. With readDec , read the number, it doesn't matter about leading spaces(because of filter ) or leading zeros,and the parse stops at the first non-digit. Then used tail (to skip the non digit) to get to the next numerical field of the date.

It shows several ways of formatting for output, but the most flexible way is to use Text.printf . See instance Show LtDate . With printf , anything is possible!

import Char
import Numeric
import Data.Time.Calendar
import Data.Time.Clock
import Text.Printf
-- ================================================================
--                        LtDate
-- ================================================================
type Date=(Int,Int,Int)
data LtDate = LtDate 
  { ltYear :: Int,
    ltMonth:: Int,
    ltDay  :: Int
  } 
instance Show LtDate 
  where show d = printf "%4d-%02d-%02d" (ltYear d) (ltMonth d) (ltDay d)

toLtDate :: Date -> LtDate
toLtDate (y,m,d)= LtDate y m d

-- =============================================================
--                         Date
-- =============================================================
-- | Parse a String mm/dd/yy into tuple (y,m,d)
-- accepted formats
--
-- @
-- 12\/01\/2004
-- 12\/ 1\' 4
-- 12-01-99
-- @
parseDate :: String -> Date
parseDate s = (y,m,d)
    where [(m,rest) ] = readDec (filter (not . isSpace) s)
          [(d,rest1)] = readDec (tail rest)
          [(y, _)   ] = parseDate' rest1

-- | parse the various year formats used by Quicken dates
parseDate':: String -> [(Int,String)]
parseDate' (y:ys) =
  let [(iy,rest)] = readDec ys
      year=case y of '\''      -> iy + 2000
                     _  ->
                       if iy < 1900 then  iy + 1900 else iy
   in [(year,rest)]

-- | Note some functions sort by this format
-- | So be careful when changing it.
showDate::(Int, Int, Int) -> String
showDate (y,m,d)= yy ++ '-':mm ++ '-':dd
    where dd=zpad (show d)
          mm = zpad (show m)
          yy = show y
          zpad ds@(_:ds')
           | ds'==[] = '0':ds
           | otherwise = ds


-- | from LtDate to Date
fromLtDate :: LtDate -> Date
fromLtDate  lt = (ltYear lt, ltMonth lt, ltDay lt)

Once you have (Y,M,D), it's easy to convert to a Haskell library type for data manipulations. Once you are done with the HS libraries, Text.printf can be used to format a date for display.