如何忽略Git中的某些文件

Question

I have a repository with a file, Hello.java . When I compile it, an additional Hello.class file is generated.

I created an entry for Hello.class in a .gitignore file. However, the file still appears to be tracked.

How can I make Git ignore Hello.class ?

Answer 1

The problem is that .gitignore ignores just files that weren't tracked before (by git add ). Run git reset name_of_file to unstage the file and keep it. In case you want to also remove the given file from the repository (after pushing), use git rm --cached name_of_file .

Answer 2

How to ignore new files

Globally

Add the path(s) to your file(s) which you would like to ignore to your .gitignore file (and commit them). These file entries will also apply to others checking out the repository.

Locally

Add the path(s) to your file(s) which you would like to ignore to your .git/info/exclude file. These file entries will only apply to your local working copy.

How to ignore changed files (temporarily)

In order to ignore changed files to being listed as modified, you can use the following git command:

git update-index --assume-unchanged <file1> <file2> <file3>

To revert that ignorance use the following command:

git update-index --no-assume-unchanged <file1> <file2> <file3>

Answer 3

Add the following line to file .gitignore :

/Hello.class

This will exclude Hello.class from Git. If you have already committed it, run the following command:

git rm Hello.class

If you want to exclude all class files from Git, add the following line to .gitignore :

*.class

Answer 4

On Windows

1. Create a .gitignore file. To do that, you just create a .txt file and change the extension as follows:

   

Then you have to change the name, writing the following line in a cmd window:

 rename git.txt .gitignore

Where git.txt is the name of the file you've just created.

Then you can open the file and write all the files you don't want to add on the repository. For example, mine looks like this:

# OS junk files
[Tt]humbs.db
*.DS_Store

# Visual Studio files
*.[Oo]bj
*.user
*.aps
*.pch
*.vspscc
*.vssscc
*_i.c
*_p.c
*.ncb
*.suo
*.tlb
*.tlh
*.bak
*.[Cc]ache
*.ilk
*.log
*.lib
*.sbr
*.sdf
*.pyc
*.xml
ipch/
obj/
[Bb]in
[Dd]ebug*/
[Rr]elease*/
Ankh.NoLoad

# Tooling
_ReSharper*/
*.resharper
[Tt]est[Rr]esult*

# Project files
[Bb]uild/

# Subversion files
.svn

# Microsoft Office temporary files
~$*

Once you have this, you need to add it to your Git repository. You have to save the file where your repository is.

Then in Git Bash you have to write the following line:

git config --global core.excludesfile ~/.gitignore_global

If the repository already exists then you have to do the following:

1. git rm -r --cached .
2. git add .
3. git commit -m ".gitignore is now working"

If step 2 doesn't work, then you should write the whole route of the files that you would like to add.

Answer 5

To ignore:

git update-index --assume-unchanged <path/to/file>

To undo ignore:

git update-index --no-assume-unchanged <path/to/file>

Answer 6

You can use the below methods for ignoring/not-ignoring changes in tracked files.

1. For ignoring: git update-index --assume-unchanged <file>
2. For reverting ignored files: git update-index --no-assume-unchanged <file>

Answer 7

Create a .gitignore file in the directory where directory .git is. You can list files in it separated by a newline. You also can use wildcards:

*.o
.*.swp

Answer 8

From the official GitHub site:

If you already have a file checked in, and you want to ignore it, Git will not ignore the file if you add a rule later. In those cases, you must untrack the file first, by running the following command in your terminal:

git rm --cached FILENAME

or

git rm --cached .

Answer 9

1. Go to .gitignore file and add the entry for the files you want to ignore
2. Run git rm -r --cached .
3. Now run git add .

Answer 10

You should write something like

*.class

into your .gitignore file.

Answer 11

Add which files you want to ignore to file .gitignore :

*.class

*.projects

*.prefs

*.project

Answer 12

If you have already committed the file and you are trying to ignore it by adding to the .gitignore file, Git will not ignore it. For that, you first have to do the below things:

git rm --cached FILENAME

If you are starting the project freshly and you want to add some files to Git ignore, follow the below steps to create a Git ignore file:

1. Navigate to your Git repository.
2. Enter "touch .gitignore" which will create a .gitignore file.

Answer 13

First create a .gitignore file where we have to store the names of files and directories to be ignored.

To ignore a directory;

name_of_directory/

To ignore a file;

name_of_file

We don't need to provide the complete path of the file or directory to be ignored; we just have to provide its name.

If you want to ignore all files with same extension;

*.pyc  #will ignore all files with pyc extention

Also the above things will only work at the first time when you have not added the files to Git. But if my mistake you added a file to Git and now you want it to be ignored for the rest of the commits, you need to first clear the Git cache regarding that file by running this command;

git rm -r --cached <path_of_the_file>

And the rest is the same, ie, add the name to the .gitignore file.

Answer 14

By creating a .gitignore file. See here for details: Git Book - Ignoring files

Also check this one out: How do you make Git ignore files without using .gitignore?

Answer 15

Use:

git reset filename
git rm --cached filename

Then add your file which you want to ignore. Then commit and push to your repository.

Answer 16

I tried this -

1. List files which we want to ignore

   git status .idea/xyz.xml .idea/pqr.iml Output .DS_Store

2. Copy the content of step#1 and append it into the .gitignore file.

   echo " .idea/xyz.xml .idea/pqr.iml Output .DS_Store" >> .gitignore

3. Validate

   git status .gitignore

Likewise, we can add a directory and all of its subdirectories and files which we want to ignore in Git status using directoryname/* . I executed this command from the src directory.

Answer 17

You can also use .gitattributes (instead of .gitignore) to exclude entire filetypes. The file is pretty self-explanatory, but I'm pasting the contents here for reference. Pay attention to the last line (*.class binary):

# Denote all files that are truly binary and should not be modified.
*.png binary
*.jpg binary
*.gif binary
*.ico binary
*.mo binary
*.pdf binary
*.phar binary
*.class binary

Answer 18

I had a similar issue with file "dump.rdb".
I tried adding this file in various ways to .gitignore file, but only one way worked.

Add your filename, at the end of .gitignore file

NOTE: Adding the file anywhere else didn't work.

For example, see: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/raw/b3ad3f202478dd88a3cfe4461703bc3df1019f90/.gitignore

Answer 19

Add the following line to .git/info/exclude:
Hello.class

Answer 20

This webpage may be useful and time-saving when working with .gitignore .

It automatically generates .gitignore files for different IDEs and operating systems with the specific files/folders that you usually don't want to pull to your Git repository (for instance, IDE-specific folders and configuration files).

Answer 21

If any file is added to Git before, then remove that file and add that file in .gitignore .

Example: if have trouble ignoring the package.resolved file generated during adding an spm dependency.

I have added below lines to my .gitignore file:

Packages/
Package.pins
Package.resolved
*.xcworkspace

and removed the package.resolved file. Now Git starts ignoring my package.resolved file.

Answer 22

If you want to ignore a file that is already checked in, you must untrack the file before you add a rule to ignore it:

git rm --cached FILENAME

Now commit changes and add the file path to the .gitignore file.

Answer 23

I have tried the --assume-unchanged and also the .gitignore but neither worked well. They make it hard to switch branches and hard to merge changes from others. This is my solution:

When I commit , I manually remove the files from the list of changes

Before I pull , I stash the changed files. And after pull, I do a stash pop .

1. git stash
2. git pull
3. git stash pop

Step 3 sometimes will trigger a merge and may result in conflict that you need to resolve, which is a good thing.

This allows me to keep local changes that are not shared with others on the team.

Answer 24

You can as well use for example Sourcetree and pressing ppm at files that you added to the branch and was modified, and then select "stop tracking". This file will be now designated with a question mark icon and when you once again ppm at this file, you can now select "Ignore". This will add this certain file to gitgnore by its relative path.

Answer 25

Straight from Atlassian: .gitignore

If you want to ignore a file that you've committed in the past, you'll need to delete the file from your repository and then add a .gitignore rule for it.

Using the --cached option with git rm means that the file will be deleted from your repository, but it will remain in your working directory as an ignored file.

You should still have the file in your working directory, but it will not be able to pushed to your remote repository, unless you force it.

Answer 26

The one case you might be experiencing is that .gitignore won't ignore the files you committed before. You should first remove or move those files from the repository, commit the changes you just did, and then add "*.class" to .gitignore .

Answer 27

要从 GIT 中删除已提交/暂存的文件git rm --cached <file_name>将以下行添加到文件.gitignore ： /<file_name>如果要从 Git 中排除所有类文件，请将以下行添加到.gitignore ： *<file_extension>

Answer 28

If you want to ignore certain files, follow the below steps

1. get inside the.git folder located in your working directory.
2. get inside the "info" folder.
3. you will find a file with the name "exclude".
4. add filenames of which you want to ignore into this file.

If you don't see.git folder in your directory, in the file-explorer view panel just check the Hidden-item field.

Answer 29

对于已编译的代码，只需编写：

.class or .o