显式接口实现限制

Question

I have a very simple scenario : a " person " can be a " customer " or an " employee " of a company.

A " person " can be called by phone with the " Call " method.

Depending on which role the " person " plays in the context of the call , eg the announcement of a new product or the announcement of a change in organization, we should either use the phone number provided for the " customer " role or the one provided for the " employee " role.

Here is a sum-up of the situation :

interface IPerson
{
    void Call();
}

interface ICustomer : IPerson
{
}

interface IEmployee : IPerson
{
}

class Both : ICustomer, IEmployee
{
    void ICustomer.Call()
    {
        // Call to external phone number
    }

    void IEmployee.Call()
    {
        // Call to internal phone number
    }
}

But this code doe not compile and produces the errors :

error CS0539: 'ICustomer.Call' in explicit interface declaration is not a member of interface
error CS0539: 'IEmployee.Call' in explicit interface declaration is not a member of interface
error CS0535: 'Both' does not implement interface member 'IPerson.Call()'

Does this scenario has any chance to be implementable in C# in a different way or will I have to find another design ?

If so what alternatives do you propose ?

Thanks in advance for your help.

Answer 1

Your objective does not make sense.

Neither ICustomer nor IEmployee define a Call() method; they just inherit the method from the same interface. Your Both class implements the same interface twice.
Any possible Call call will always call IPerson.Call ; there are no IL instructions that will specifically call ICustomer.Call or IEmployee.Call .

You may be able to solve this by explicitly redefining Call in both child interfaces, but I highly recommend that you just give them different names.

Answer 2

I ran into this myself.

You can solve the problem by using composition:

interface IPerson
{
    void Call();
}

interface ICustomer : IPerson
{
}

interface IEmployee : IPerson
{
}

class Both
{
    public ICustomer Customer { get; }
    public IEmployee Employee { get; }
}

The above assumes that the Employee in the Both class is a custom implementation of IEmployee, and is constructed based on a Both object.

But it depends on how you were planning to use the Both class.
If you wanted to use the Both class like this:

((IEmployee)both).Call();

Then instead you can use this:

both.Employee.Call();

Answer 3

I'm interested on your input with my solution...

I used explicit implementation a lot with compositions when I want a controller to access some properties or methods on my class that should be hidden from a regular usage of the class...

So, to be able to have multiple implementation of IPerson, in this example, I would use generic, to be able to split the IPerson interface from a customer to an employee

interface IPerson<T>
{
    void Call();
}

interface ICustomer : IPerson<ICustomer>
{
}

interface IEmployee : IPerson<IEmployee>
{
}

class Both : ICustomer, IEmployee
{
    void IPerson<ICustomer>.Call()
    {
        // Call to external phone number 
    }

    void IPerson<IEmployee>.Call()
    {
        // Call to internal phone number 
    }
} 

Answer 4

Aside from the issues SLaks accurately pointed out...

Get rid of IPerson and create IContactable with a method of Contact() , then Create two concrete types called Customer and Employee that implement IContactable . Then whenever you need to contact someone you can call your IContactable.Contact() method as desired since being able to make contact could expand, whereas IPerson is a bit abstract.

Answer 5

You can't do this because the Call method comes from the IPerson interface in the two cases. So you try to define the Call method two times. I suggest you to change your ICustomer and IEmployee interface into class and to define the Call method in this class :

interface IPerson
{
    void Call();
}

class Customer : IPerson
{
    public void Call()
    {
    }
}

class Employee : IPerson
{
    public void Call()
    {
    }
}

Answer 6

I dont know if this helps or not, but you could get it a shot.

//ran in linqpad c# program mode, you'll need to provide an entry point.....
void Main()
{
    IPerson x;
    x = new Both(new Employee());
    x.call(); //outputs "Emplyee"
    x = new Both(new Customer());
    x.call(); //outputs "Customer"
}

class Customer :  ICustomer
{
    public void call() {"Customer".Dump();}
}
class Employee :  IEmployee
{
    public void call() {"Employee".Dump();}
}
class Both : IPerson
{
     private IPerson Person { get; set; }
     public Both(IPerson person)
     {
         this.Person = person;
     }
     public void call()
     {
        Person.call();
     }
} 
interface IPerson { void call(); }  
interface ICustomer : IPerson { } 
interface IEmployee : IPerson { }