Python 单元测试：测试失败时自动运行调试器

Question

Is there a way to automatically start the debugger at the point at which a unittest fails?

Right now I am just using pdb.set_trace() manually, but this is very tedious as I need to add it each time and take it out at the end.

For Example:

import unittest

class tests(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        pass

    def test_trigger_pdb(self):
        #this is the way I do it now
        try:
            assert 1==0
        except AssertionError:
            import pdb
            pdb.set_trace()

    def test_no_trigger(self):
        #this is the way I would like to do it:
        a=1
        b=2
        assert a==b
        #magically, pdb would start here
        #so that I could inspect the values of a and b

if __name__=='__main__':
    #In the documentation the unittest.TestCase has a debug() method
    #but I don't understand how to use it
    #A=tests()
    #A.debug(A)

    unittest.main()

Answer 1

I think what you are looking for is nose . It works like a test runner for unittest .

You can drop into the debugger on errors, with the following command:

nosetests --pdb

Answer 2

import unittest
import sys
import pdb
import functools
import traceback
def debug_on(*exceptions):
    if not exceptions:
        exceptions = (AssertionError, )
    def decorator(f):
        @functools.wraps(f)
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            try:
                return f(*args, **kwargs)
            except exceptions:
                info = sys.exc_info()
                traceback.print_exception(*info) 
                pdb.post_mortem(info[2])
        return wrapper
    return decorator

class tests(unittest.TestCase):
    @debug_on()
    def test_trigger_pdb(self):
        assert 1 == 0

I corrected the code to call post_mortem on the exception instead of set_trace.

Answer 3

A simple option is to just run the tests without result collection and letting the first exception crash down the stack (for arbitrary post mortem handling) by eg

try: unittest.findTestCases(__main__).debug()
except:
    pdb.post_mortem(sys.exc_info()[2])

---

Another option: Override unittest.TextTestResult 's addError and addFailure in a debug test runner for immediate post_mortem debugging (before tearDown() ) - or for collecting and handling errors & tracebacks in an advanced way.

(Doesn't require extra frameworks or an extra decorator for test methods)

Basic example:

import unittest, pdb

class TC(unittest.TestCase):
    def testZeroDiv(self):
        1 / 0

def debugTestRunner(post_mortem=None):
    """unittest runner doing post mortem debugging on failing tests"""
    if post_mortem is None:
        post_mortem = pdb.post_mortem
    class DebugTestResult(unittest.TextTestResult):
        def addError(self, test, err):
            # called before tearDown()
            traceback.print_exception(*err)
            post_mortem(err[2])
            super(DebugTestResult, self).addError(test, err)
        def addFailure(self, test, err):
            traceback.print_exception(*err)
            post_mortem(err[2])
            super(DebugTestResult, self).addFailure(test, err)
    return unittest.TextTestRunner(resultclass=DebugTestResult)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    ##unittest.main()
    unittest.main(testRunner=debugTestRunner())
    ##unittest.main(testRunner=debugTestRunner(pywin.debugger.post_mortem))
    ##unittest.findTestCases(__main__).debug()

Answer 4

Third party test framework enhancements generally seem to include the feature ( nose and nose2 were already mentioned in other answers). Some more:

pytest supports it.

pytest --pdb

Or if you use absl-py 's absltest instead of unittest module:

name_of_test.py --pdb_post_mortem

Answer 5

To apply @cmcginty's answer to the successor nose 2 ( recommended by nose available on Debian-based systems via apt-get install nose2 ), you can drop into the debugger on failures and errors by calling

nose2

in your test directory.

For this, you need to have a suitable .unittest.cfg in your home directory or unittest.cfg in the project directory; it needs to contain the lines

[debugger]
always-on = True
errors-only = False

Answer 6

Here's a built-in, no extra modules, solution:

import unittest
import sys
import pdb

####################################
def ppdb(e=None):
    """conditional debugging
       use with:  `if ppdb(): pdb.set_trace()` 
    """
    return ppdb.enabled

ppdb.enabled = False
###################################


class SomeTest(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_success(self):
        try:
            pass
        except Exception, e:
            if ppdb(): pdb.set_trace()
            raise

    def test_fail(self):
        try:
            res = 1/0
            #note:  a `nosetests --pdb` run will stop after any exception
            #even one without try/except and ppdb() does not not modify that.
        except Exception, e:
            if ppdb(): pdb.set_trace()
            raise


if __name__ == '__main__':
    #conditional debugging, but not in nosetests
    if "--pdb" in sys.argv:
        print "pdb requested"
        ppdb.enabled = not sys.argv[0].endswith("nosetests")
        sys.argv.remove("--pdb")

    unittest.main()

call it with python myunittest.py --pdb and it will halt. Otherwise it won't.

Answer 7

Some solution above modifies business logic:

try:      # <-- new code
 original_code()  # <-- changed (indented)
except Exception as e:  # <-- new code
 pdb.post_mortem(...)   # <-- new code

Answer 8

Buildt a module with a decorator which post mortems into every type of error . The decorator can be triggered by the logging root level

#!/usr/bin/env python3
'''
Decorator for getting post mortem on errors of a unittest TestCase
'''
import sys
import pdb
import functools
import traceback
import logging
import unittest

logging.basicConfig(format='%(asctime)s %(message)s', level=logging.DEBUG)

def debug_on(log_level):
    '''
    Function decorator for post mortem debugging unittest functions.

    Args:
      log_level (int): logging levels coesponding to logging stl module

    Usecase:

    class tests(unittest.TestCase):
        @debug_on(logging.root.level)
        def test_trigger_pdb(self):
            assert 1 == 0
    '''

    def decorator(f):

        @functools.wraps(f)
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            try:
                return f(*args, **kwargs)
            except BaseException:
                if log_level < logging.INFO:
                    info = sys.exc_info()
                    traceback.print_exception(*info)
                    pdb.post_mortem(info[2])

        return wrapper

    return decorator


class Debug_onTester(unittest.TestCase):

    @debug_on(logging.root.level)
    def test_trigger_pdb(self):
        assert 1 == 0


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

Answer 9

To address the comment in your code "In the documentation the unittest.TestCase has a debug() method but I don't understand how to use it", you can do something like this:

suite = unittest.defaultTestLoader.loadTestsFromModule(sys.modules[__name__])
suite.debug()

Individual test cases are created like: testCase = tests('test_trigger_pdb') (where tests is a sub-class of TestCase as per your example). And then you can do testCase.debug() to debug one case.