如何以UTC和本地时区存储日期时间

Question

What is a practical way to store datetimes so that I can let users view/query data as of their own local time while keeping information about the original datetime.

Basically, users want to be able to query (as of their own local time) data collected from systems in various time zones. But occasionally, they want to know that the data was created at, say, 18:00 in the original system. It helps when users from different parts of the world communicate about the same event.

User1: What? We don't have any data for 20:00
User2: Dude, it says 20:00 right there on my screen.
User1: Wait, what timezone are you? What's the UTC-time?
User2: What is UTC? Is that something with computers?
User1: OMFG! *click*

I'm looking for advice on how to store the data.

I'm thinking of storing all datetimes in UTC and adding an additional column containing original timezone name, in a form that lets me use mysql CONVERT_TZ , or the counterpart in Java. The application would then convert dates entered by the user into UTC and I can easily query the database. All dates can also easily be converted to the users local time in the application. Using the original time zone column I also would be able to display the original datetime.

However, this means that for each datetime I have, I need an additional column...

start_time_utc datetime
start_time_tz  varchar(64)
end_time_utc   datetime
end_time_tz    varchar(64)

Am I on the right track here?

Would anyone who have worked with such data share their experiences?

(I will be using MySQL 5.5 CE)

Update 1

Data will be delivered in xml files where each entry has a datetime in some local time zone. So there will only be one inserting process, running in one place.

Once loaded in the database, it will be presented in some web application to users in different time zones. For the majority of the use cases the data of interest did also originate from the same time zone as the user looking at the data. For some of the more complicated use cases, a series of events are interconnected and span multiple time zones. Hence, users want to be able to talk about the events in order to investigate probable causes/consequences in the other's time. Not UTC, not their own local time.

Answer 1

由于用户可以居住在不同的时区，甚至可以从一个时区移动到另一个时区，最佳做法是以UTC格式存储日期和时间，并在显示时转换为用户的时区。

Answer 2

The manual has a section just for this, about timestamp:

TIMESTAMP values are converted from the current time zone to UTC for storage, and converted back from UTC to the current time zone for retrieval. (This occurs only for the TIMESTAMP data type, not for other types such as DATETIME.) By default, the current time zone for each connection is the server's time. The time zone can be set on a per-connection basis, as described in Section 9.6, “MySQL Server Time Zone Support”. As long as the time zone setting remains constant, you get back the same value you store. If you store a TIMESTAMP value, and then change the time zone and retrieve the value, the retrieved value is different from the value you stored. This occurs because the same time zone was not used for conversion in both directions. The current time zone is available as the value of the time_zone system variable.

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/timestamp.html

So you can use: SET time_zone = timezone; on the client to set the time zone. Then all queries would translate the timestamp to the correct time zone. No need to do anything complex in Java, except for setting the time zone (I think might even be a parameter in the JDBC connection string)

Answer 3

您可以随时将zulu时间作为所有计算的基础。