如何在C中初始化结构内的const变量？

Question

I write a struct

struct Tree{
    struct Node *root;
    struct Node NIL_t;
    struct Node * const NIL;    //sentinel
}

I want

struct Node * const NIL = &NIL_t;

I can't initialize it inside the struct. I'm using msvs.

I use C, NOT C++. I know I can use initialization list in C++.

How to do so in C?

Answer 1

If you are using C99, you can used designated initializers to do this:

struct Tree t = { .root = NULL, .NIL = &t.NIL_t };

This only works in C99, though. I've tested this on gcc and it seems to work just fine.

Answer 2

A structure defines a data template but has no data itself. Since it has no data, there's no way to initialize it.

On the other hand, if you want to declare an instance, you can initialize that.

struct Tree t = { NULL, NULL, NULL };

Answer 3

For those seeking a simple example, here it goes:

#include <stdio.h>

typedef struct {
    const int a;
    const int b;
} my_t;

int main() {
   my_t s = { .a = 10, .b = 20 };
   printf("{ a: %d, b: %d }", s.a, s.b);
}

Produces the following output:

{ a: 10, b: 20 }

Answer 4

Maybe something like this will suffice?

struct {
    struct Node * const NIL;
    struct Node *root;
    struct Node NIL_t;
 } Tree = {&Tree.NIL_t};