双链表实现

Question

Which one would be more efficient?

I want to keep a list of items but, it's required of me to sort list

• by id,
• by name
• by course credits
• by the user

Would it be best to add items in list by id and then sort by the others or just add items without order and sort in the order needed when ever needed by the user?

Answer 1

If you're really required to keep the list sorted -- as opposed to using other data structures to give sorted access to the list -- then you could simply make a list whose elements have different pointers for different sort criteria.

In other words, instead of keeping just previous and next pointers, have previousById , nextById , previousByName , previousByCredits and nextByCredits . Likewise, you would have three head and/or tail pointers, instead of just one.

Please note that this approach has the drawback of being inflexible when it comes to implementing additional sort criteria. I'm assuming that you're trying to solve a homework-type problem, which is why I tried to tailor the answer to what seem to be the homework requirements.

Answer 2

您可以使用三种映射（或哈希映射）：一种将ID映射到项目，一种将名称映射到项目引用（或指针），另一种将课程学分映射到项目引用。

Answer 3

It would be more efficient to sort it in whichever order that you know will be sorted for the most, for example if you know you're going to be retrieving by id most often, keep it sorted by id , otherwise pick one of the others though id would be the easiest if it is just an integer field

So then to do that you would check on insert to find where newid is less than nextid but greater than previousid , then allocate a new node with new and set the pointers appropriately.

Keeping the linked list sorted in some way is better than just keeping it unsorted. You're adding some time to how long it takes to insert an item but it's negligible to how long it would take to sort it that particular way

Answer 4

The more efficient would be to store the nodes as is, and keep 4 different indexes up-to-date. This way, when one order is required, you just pick up the right index and that's all. The cost is O(log N) for input, and O(1) for traversal.

Of course, keeping 4 indexes at once, with perhaps different requirements on uniqueness, and in the face of possible exceptions, is relatively difficult, but then, there's a Boost library for this: Boost MultiIndex

On example is to generate a set that can be sorted either by ID or by Name .

Since you can add as many indexes as you wish, it should get you going :)

Answer 5

Keep your lined list objects in the lined list, in random order. To sort the list by any key, use this pseudocode:

struct LinkedList {
    string name;
    LinkedList *prev;
    LinkedList *next;
};

void FillArray(LinkedList *first, LinkedList **output, size_t &size) {
    //function creates an array of pointers to every LinkedList object
    LinedList *now;
    size_t i; //you may use int instead of size_t

    //check, how many objects are there in linked list
    now=first;
    while(now!=NULL) {
        size++;
        now=now->next;
    }

    //if linked list is empty
    if (size==0) {
        *output=NULL;
        return;
    }

    //create the array;
    *output = new LinkedList[size];

    //fill the array
    i=0;
    now=first;
    while(now!=NULL) {
        *output[i++]=now;
        now=now->next;
    }
}

SortByName(LinkedList *arrayOfPointers, size_t size) {
    // your function to sort by name here
}

void TemporatorySort(LinkedList *first, LinkedList **output, size_t &size) {
    // this function will create the array of pointer to your linked list,
    // sort this array, and return the sorted array. However, the linked
    // list will stay as it is. It's good for example when your lined list
    // is sorted by ID, but you need to print it sorted by names only once.
    FillArray(first, *output, size);
    SortByName(output,size);
}

void PermanentSort(LinkedList *first) {
    // This function will sort the linked list and save the new order
    // permanently.
    LinkedList *sorted;
    size_t size;
    TemporatorySort(first,&sorted,size);
    if (size>0) {
        sorted[0].prev=NULL;
    }
    for(int i=1;i<size;i++) {
        sorted[i-1].next=sorted[i];
        sorted[i].prev=sorted[i-1];
    }
    sorted[size-1].next=NULL;
}

I hope, I actually did help you. If you don't understand any line from the code, simply put a comment to this "answer".