在 CSS 中按属性选择元素

Question

是否可以通过 HTML5 数据属性（例如data-role ）在 CSS 中选择元素？

Answer 1

If you mean using an attribute selector , sure, why not:

[data-role="page"] {
    /* Styles */
}

There are a variety of attribute selectors you can use for various scenarios which are all covered in the document I link to. Note that, despite custom data attributes being a "new HTML5 feature",

• browsers typically don't have any problems supporting non-standard attributes, so you should be able to filter them with attribute selectors; and

• you don't have to worry about CSS validation either, as CSS doesn't care about non-namespaced attribute names as long as they don't break the selector syntax.

Answer 2

It's also possible to select attributes regardless of their content, in modern browsers

with:

[data-my-attribute] {
   /* Styles */
}

[anything] {
   /* Styles */
}

For example: http://codepen.io/jasonm23/pen/fADnu

Works on a very significant percentage of browsers.

Note this can also be used in a JQuery selector, or using document.querySelector

Answer 3

It's worth noting CSS3 substring attribute selectors

[attribute^=value] { /* starts with selector */
/* Styles */
}

[attribute$=value] { /* ends with selector */
/* Styles */
}

[attribute*=value] { /* contains selector */
/* Styles */
}

Answer 4

You can combine multiple selectors and this is so cool knowing that you can select every attribute and attribute based on their value like href based on their values with CSS only..

Attributes selectors allows you play around some extra with id and class attributes

Here is an awesome read on Attribute Selectors

Fiddle

 a[href="http://aamirshahzad.net"][title="Aamir"] { color: green; text-decoration: none; } a[id*="google"] { color: red; } a[class*="stack"] { color: yellow; }

 <a href="http://aamirshahzad.net" title="Aamir">Aamir</a> <br> <a href="http://google.com" id="google-link" title="Google">Google</a> <br> <a href="http://stackoverflow.com" class="stack-link" title="stack">stack</a>

Browser support:
IE6+, Chrome, Firefox & Safari

You can check detail here .

Answer 5

    [data-value] {
  /* Attribute exists */
}

[data-value="foo"] {
  /* Attribute has this exact value */
}

[data-value*="foo"] {
  /* Attribute value contains this value somewhere in it */
}

[data-value~="foo"] {
  /* Attribute has this value in a space-separated list somewhere */
}

[data-value^="foo"] {
  /* Attribute value starts with this */
}

[data-value|="foo"] {
  /* Attribute value starts with this in a dash-separated list */
}

[data-value$="foo"] {
  /* Attribute value ends with this */
}

Answer 6

CSS attribute selectors with small snippet and working examples

1 - [attribute~="value"]

2 - [attribute^="value"]

3 - [attribute$="value"]

4 - [attribute|="value"]

5 - [attribute*="value"]

 /* Seven (because it search in all words)*/ div[class="items"] { color: red; } 

 <div class="items-group">One</div> <div class="groupitems">Two</div> <div class="itemsgroup">Three</div> <div class="group-items">Four</div> <div class="items group">Five</div> <div class="group items">Six</div> <div class="items">Seven</div> 

~ is used to select elements with an attribute value containing a specified word

 /* Five Six Seven (because it search in all words)*/ div[class~="items"] { color: red; } 

 <div class="items-group">One</div> <div class="groupitems">Two</div> <div class="itemsgroup">Three</div> <div class="group-items">Four</div> <div class="items group">Five</div> <div class="group items">Six</div> <div class="items">Seven</div> 

^ is used to select elements whose attribute value begins with a specified value.

 /* One Three Five Seven (because it search in beginning)*/ div[class^="items"] { color: red; } 

 <div class="items-group">One</div> <div class="groupitems">Two</div> <div class="itemsgroup">Three</div> <div class="group-items">Four</div> <div class="items group">Five</div> <div class="group items">Six</div> <div class="items">Seven</div> 

$ selector is used to select elements whose attribute value ends with a specified value.

 /* Two Four Six Seven (Because it search from end) */ div[class$="items"] { color: red; } 

 <div class="items-group">One</div> <div class="groupitems">Two</div> <div class="itemsgroup">Three</div> <div class="group-items">Four</div> <div class="items group">Five</div> <div class="group items">Six</div> <div class="items">Seven</div> 

| is used to select elements with the specified attribute starting with the specified value.

 /* One Seven (because it start from beggining and search -(hyphen)). ignore started from end */ div[class|="items"] { color: red; } 

 <div class="items-group">One</div> <div class="groupitems">Two</div> <div class="itemsgroup">Three</div> <div class="group-items">Four</div> <div class="items group">Five</div> <div class="group items">Six</div> <div class="items">Seven</div> 

* is used to select elements whose attribute value contains a specified value.

 /* One Two Three Four Five Six (because it search all group)*/ div[class*="group"] { color: red; } 

 <div class="items-group">One</div> <div class="groupitems">Two</div> <div class="itemsgroup">Three</div> <div class="group-items">Four</div> <div class="items group">Five</div> <div class="group items">Six</div> <div class="items">Seven</div> 

Answer 7

Is it possible to select elements in CSS by their HTML5 data attributes? This can easily be answered just by trying it, and the answer is, of course, yes . But this invariably leads us to the next question, ' Should we select elements in CSS by their HTML5 data attributes?' There are conflicting opinions on this.

In the 'no' camp is (or at least was , back in 2014) CSS legend Harry Roberts. In the article, Naming UI components in OOCSS , he wrote:

It's important to note that although we can style HTML via its data-* attributes, we probably shouldn't. data-* attributes are meant for holding data in markup, not for selecting on. This, from the HTML Living Standard (emphasis mine):

"Custom data attributes are intended to store custom data private to the page or application, for which there are no more appropriate attributes or elements ."

The W3C spec was frustratingly vague on this point, but based purely on what it did and didn't say, I think Harry's conclusion was perfectly reasonable.

Since then, plenty of articles have suggested that it's perfectly appropriate to use custom data attributes as styling hooks, including MDN's guide, Using data attributes . There's even a CSS methodology called CUBE CSS which has adopted the data attribute hook as the preferred way of adding styles to component ' exceptions ' (known as modifiers in BEM ).

Thankfully, the WHATWG HTML Living Standard has since added a few more words and even some examples (emphasis mine):

Custom data attributes are intended to store custom data, state, annotations, and similar, private to the page or application, for which there are no more appropriate attributes or elements.

In this example, custom data attributes are used to store the result of a feature detection for PaymentRequest, which could be used in CSS to style a checkout page differently .

Authors should carefully design such extensions so that when the attributes are ignored and any associated CSS dropped, the page is still usable.

---

TL;DR: Yes, it's okay to use data-* attributes in CSS selectors, provided the page is still usable without them.