如何在 Perl 中找到正则表达式匹配的位置？

Question

I need to write a function that receives a string and a regex. I need to check if there is a match and return the start and end location of a match. (The regex was already compiled by qr// .)

The function might also receive a "global" flag and then I need to return the (start,end) pairs of all the matches.

I cannot change the regex, not even add () around it as the user might use () and \\1 . Maybe I can use (?:) .

Example: given "ababab" and the regex qr/ab/ , in the global case I need to get back 3 pairs of (start, end).

Answer 1

The built-in variables @- and @+ hold the start and end positions, respectively, of the last successful match. $-[0] and $+[0] correspond to entire pattern, while $-[N] and $+[N] correspond to the $N ( $1 , $2 , etc.) submatches.

Answer 2

Forget my previous post, I've got a better idea.

sub match_positions {
    my ($regex, $string) = @_;
    return if not $string =~ /$regex/;
    return ($-[0], $+[0]);
}
sub match_all_positions {
    my ($regex, $string) = @_;
    my @ret;
    while ($string =~ /$regex/g) {
        push @ret, [ $-[0], $+[0] ];
    }
    return @ret
}

This technique doesn't change the regex in any way.

Edited to add: to quote from perlvar on $1..$9. "These variables are all read-only and dynamically scoped to the current BLOCK." In other words, if you want to use $1..$9, you cannot use a subroutine to do the matching.

Answer 3

The pos function gives you the position of the match. If you put your regex in parentheses you can get the length (and thus the end) using length $1 . Like this

sub match_positions {
    my ($regex, $string) = @_;
    return if not $string =~ /($regex)/;
    return (pos($string) - length $1, pos($string));
}
sub all_match_positions {
    my ($regex, $string) = @_;
    my @ret;
    while ($string =~ /($regex)/g) {
        push @ret, [pos($string) - length $1, pos($string)];
    }
    return @ret
}

Answer 4

#!/usr/bin/perl

# search the postions for the CpGs in human genome

sub match_positions {
    my ($regex, $string) = @_;
    return if not $string =~ /($regex)/;
    return (pos($string), pos($string) + length $1);
}
sub all_match_positions {
    my ($regex, $string) = @_;
    my @ret;
    while ($string =~ /($regex)/g) {
        push @ret, [(pos($string)-length $1),pos($string)-1];
    }
    return @ret
}

my $regex='CG';
my $string="ACGACGCGCGCG";
my $cgap=3;    
my @pos=all_match_positions($regex,$string);

my @hgcg;

foreach my $pos(@pos){
    push @hgcg,@$pos[1];
}

foreach my $i(0..($#hgcg-$cgap+1)){
my $len=$hgcg[$i+$cgap-1]-$hgcg[$i]+2;
print "$len\n"; 
}

Answer 5

You can also use the deprecated $` variable, if you're willing to have all the REs in your program execute slower. From perlvar:

   $‘      The string preceding whatever was matched by the last successful pattern match (not
           counting any matches hidden within a BLOCK or eval enclosed by the current BLOCK).
           (Mnemonic: "`" often precedes a quoted string.)  This variable is read-only.

           The use of this variable anywhere in a program imposes a considerable performance penalty
           on all regular expression matches.  See "BUGS".