python列表中重复项的索引

Question

Does anyone know how I can get the index position of duplicate items in a python list? I have tried doing this and it keeps giving me only the index of the 1st occurrence of the of the item in the list.

List = ['A', 'B', 'A', 'C', 'E']

I want it to give me:

index 0: A   
index 2: A

Answer 1

You want to pass in the optional second parameter to index, the location where you want index to start looking. After you find each match, reset this parameter to the location just after the match that was found.

def list_duplicates_of(seq,item):
    start_at = -1
    locs = []
    while True:
        try:
            loc = seq.index(item,start_at+1)
        except ValueError:
            break
        else:
            locs.append(loc)
            start_at = loc
    return locs

source = "ABABDBAAEDSBQEWBAFLSAFB"
print(list_duplicates_of(source, 'B'))

Prints:

[1, 3, 5, 11, 15, 22]

You can find all the duplicates at once in a single pass through source, by using a defaultdict to keep a list of all seen locations for any item, and returning those items that were seen more than once.

from collections import defaultdict

def list_duplicates(seq):
    tally = defaultdict(list)
    for i,item in enumerate(seq):
        tally[item].append(i)
    return ((key,locs) for key,locs in tally.items() 
                            if len(locs)>1)

for dup in sorted(list_duplicates(source)):
    print(dup)

Prints:

('A', [0, 2, 6, 7, 16, 20])
('B', [1, 3, 5, 11, 15, 22])
('D', [4, 9])
('E', [8, 13])
('F', [17, 21])
('S', [10, 19])

If you want to do repeated testing for various keys against the same source, you can use functools.partial to create a new function variable, using a "partially complete" argument list, that is, specifying the seq, but omitting the item to search for:

from functools import partial
dups_in_source = partial(list_duplicates_of, source)

for c in "ABDEFS":
    print(c, dups_in_source(c))

Prints:

A [0, 2, 6, 7, 16, 20]
B [1, 3, 5, 11, 15, 22]
D [4, 9]
E [8, 13]
F [17, 21]
S [10, 19]

Answer 2

>>> def duplicates(lst, item):
...   return [i for i, x in enumerate(lst) if x == item]
... 
>>> duplicates(List, "A")
[0, 2]

To get all duplicates, you can use the below method, but it is not very efficient. If efficiency is important you should consider Ignacio's solution instead.

>>> dict((x, duplicates(List, x)) for x in set(List) if List.count(x) > 1)
{'A': [0, 2]}

As for solving it using the index method of list instead, that method takes a second optional argument indicating where to start, so you could just repeatedly call it with the previous index plus 1.

>>> List.index("A")
0
>>> List.index("A", 1)
2

EDIT Fixed issue raised in comments.

Answer 3

I made a benchmark of all solutions suggested here and also added another solution to this problem (described in the end of the answer).

Benchmarks

First, the benchmarks. I initialize a list of n random ints within a range [1, n/2] and then call timeit over all algorithms

The solutions of @ Paul McGuire and @ Ignacio Vazquez-Abrams works about twice as fast as the rest on the list of 100 ints:

Testing algorithm on the list of 100 items using 10000 loops
Algorithm: dupl_eat
Timing: 1.46247477189
####################
Algorithm: dupl_utdemir
Timing: 2.93324529055
####################
Algorithm: dupl_lthaulow
Timing: 3.89198786645
####################
Algorithm: dupl_pmcguire
Timing: 0.583058259784
####################
Algorithm: dupl_ivazques_abrams
Timing: 0.645062989076
####################
Algorithm: dupl_rbespal
Timing: 1.06523873786
####################

If you change the number of items to 1000, the difference becomes much bigger ( BTW, I'll be happy if someone could explain why ) :

Testing algorithm on the list of 1000 items using 1000 loops
Algorithm: dupl_eat
Timing: 5.46171654555
####################
Algorithm: dupl_utdemir
Timing: 25.5582547323
####################
Algorithm: dupl_lthaulow
Timing: 39.284285326
####################
Algorithm: dupl_pmcguire
Timing: 0.56558489513
####################
Algorithm: dupl_ivazques_abrams
Timing: 0.615980005148
####################
Algorithm: dupl_rbespal
Timing: 1.21610942322
####################

On the bigger lists, the solution of @ Paul McGuire continues to be the most efficient and my algorithm begins having problems.

Testing algorithm on the list of 1000000 items using 1 loops
Algorithm: dupl_pmcguire
Timing: 1.5019953958
####################
Algorithm: dupl_ivazques_abrams
Timing: 1.70856155898
####################
Algorithm: dupl_rbespal
Timing: 3.95820421595
####################

The full code of the benchmark is here

Another algorithm

Here is my solution to the same problem:

def dupl_rbespal(c):
    alreadyAdded = False
    dupl_c = dict()
    sorted_ind_c = sorted(range(len(c)), key=lambda x: c[x]) # sort incoming list but save the indexes of sorted items

    for i in xrange(len(c) - 1): # loop over indexes of sorted items
        if c[sorted_ind_c[i]] == c[sorted_ind_c[i+1]]: # if two consecutive indexes point to the same value, add it to the duplicates
            if not alreadyAdded:
                dupl_c[c[sorted_ind_c[i]]] = [sorted_ind_c[i], sorted_ind_c[i+1]]
                alreadyAdded = True
            else:
                dupl_c[c[sorted_ind_c[i]]].append( sorted_ind_c[i+1] )
        else:
            alreadyAdded = False
    return dupl_c

Although it's not the best it allowed me to generate a little bit different structure needed for my problem (i needed something like a linked list of indexes of the same value)

Answer 4

dups = collections.defaultdict(list)
for i, e in enumerate(L):
  dups[e].append(i)
for k, v in sorted(dups.iteritems()):
  if len(v) >= 2:
    print '%s: %r' % (k, v)

And extrapolate from there.

Answer 5

I think I found a simple solution after a lot of irritation :

if elem in string_list:
    counter = 0
    elem_pos = []
    for i in string_list:
        if i == elem:
            elem_pos.append(counter)
        counter = counter + 1
    print(elem_pos)

This prints a list giving you the indexes of a specific element ("elem")

Answer 6

Using new "Counter" class in collections module, based on lazyr's answer:

>>> import collections
>>> def duplicates(n): #n="123123123"
...     counter=collections.Counter(n) #{'1': 3, '3': 3, '2': 3}
...     dups=[i for i in counter if counter[i]!=1] #['1','3','2']
...     result={}
...     for item in dups:
...             result[item]=[i for i,j in enumerate(n) if j==item] 
...     return result
... 
>>> duplicates("123123123")
{'1': [0, 3, 6], '3': [2, 5, 8], '2': [1, 4, 7]}

Answer 7

from collections import Counter, defaultdict

def duplicates(lst):
    cnt= Counter(lst)
    return [key for key in cnt.keys() if cnt[key]> 1]

def duplicates_indices(lst):
    dup, ind= duplicates(lst), defaultdict(list)
    for i, v in enumerate(lst):
        if v in dup: ind[v].append(i)
    return ind

lst= ['a', 'b', 'a', 'c', 'b', 'a', 'e']
print duplicates(lst) # ['a', 'b']
print duplicates_indices(lst) # ..., {'a': [0, 2, 5], 'b': [1, 4]})

A slightly more orthogonal (and thus more useful) implementation would be:

from collections import Counter, defaultdict

def duplicates(lst):
    cnt= Counter(lst)
    return [key for key in cnt.keys() if cnt[key]> 1]

def indices(lst, items= None):
    items, ind= set(lst) if items is None else items, defaultdict(list)
    for i, v in enumerate(lst):
        if v in items: ind[v].append(i)
    return ind

lst= ['a', 'b', 'a', 'c', 'b', 'a', 'e']
print indices(lst, duplicates(lst)) # ..., {'a': [0, 2, 5], 'b': [1, 4]})

Answer 8

Wow, everyone's answer is so long. I simply used a pandas dataframe , masking , and the duplicated function ( keep=False markes all duplicates as True , not just first or last):

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
np.random.seed(42)  # make results reproducible

int_df = pd.DataFrame({'int_list': np.random.randint(1, 20, size=10)})
dupes = int_df['int_list'].duplicated(keep=False)
print(int_df['int_list'][dupes].index)

This should return Int64Index([0, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9], dtype='int64') .

Answer 9

def index(arr, num):
    for i, x in enumerate(arr):
        if x == num:
            print(x, i)

#index(List, 'A')

Answer 10

string_list = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'B', 'D', 'B']
pos_list = []
for i in range(len(string_list)):
    if string_list[i] = ='B':
        pos_list.append(i)
print pos_list

Answer 11

In a single line with pandas 1.2.2 and numpy :

 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
 
 idx = np.where(pd.DataFrame(List).duplicated(keep=False))

The argument keep=False will mark every duplicate as True and np.where() will return an array with the indices where the element in the array was True .

Answer 12

I'll mention the more obvious way of dealing with duplicates in lists. In terms of complexity, dictionaries are the way to go because each lookup is O(1). You can be more clever if you're only interested in duplicates...

my_list = [1,1,2,3,4,5,5]
my_dict = {}
for (ind,elem) in enumerate(my_list):
    if elem in my_dict:
        my_dict[elem].append(ind)
    else:
        my_dict.update({elem:[ind]})

for key,value in my_dict.iteritems():
    if len(value) > 1:
        print "key(%s) has indices (%s)" %(key,value)

which prints the following:

key(1) has indices ([0, 1])
key(5) has indices ([5, 6])

Answer 13

a= [2,3,4,5,6,2,3,2,4,2]
search=2
pos=0
positions=[]

while (search in a):
    pos+=a.index(search)
    positions.append(pos)
    a=a[a.index(search)+1:]
    pos+=1

print "search found at:",positions

Answer 14

def find_duplicate(list_):
    duplicate_list=[""]

    for k in range(len(list_)):
        if duplicate_list.__contains__(list_[k]):
            continue
        for j in range(len(list_)):
            if k == j:
                continue
            if list_[k] == list_[j]:
                duplicate_list.append(list_[j])
                print("duplicate "+str(list_.index(list_[j]))+str(list_.index(list_[k])))

Answer 15

Here is one that works for multiple duplicates and you don't need to specify any values:

List = ['A', 'B', 'A', 'C', 'E', 'B'] # duplicate two 'A's two 'B's

ix_list = []
for i in range(len(List)):
    try:
        dup_ix = List[(i+1):].index(List[i]) + (i + 1) # dup onwards + (i + 1)
        ix_list.extend([i, dup_ix]) # if found no error, add i also
    except:
        pass
    
ix_list.sort()

print(ix_list)
[0, 1, 2, 5]

Answer 16

def dup_list(my_list, value):
    '''
    dup_list(list,value)
        This function finds the indices of values in a list including duplicated values.

        list: the list you are working on

        value: the item of the list you want to find the index of

            NB: if a value is duplcated, its indices are stored in a list
            If only one occurence of the value, the index is stored as an integer.

            Therefore use isinstance method to know how to handle the returned value
    '''
    value_list = []
    index_list = []
    index_of_duped = []

    if my_list.count(value) == 1:
        return my_list.index(value)  
        
    elif my_list.count(value) < 1:
        return 'Your argument is not in the list'

    else:
        for item in my_list:
            value_list.append(item)
            length = len(value_list)
            index = length - 1
            index_list.append(index)

            if item == value:
                index_of_duped.append(max(index_list))

        return index_of_duped

# function call eg dup_list(my_list, 'john')

Answer 17

def duplicates(list,dup):
  a=[list.index(dup)]
  for i in list:
     try: 
        a.append(list.index(dup,a[-1]+1))
     except:
        for i in a:
           print(f'index {i}: '+dup)
        break
duplicates(['A', 'B', 'A', 'C', 'E'],'A')

I think this is the fastest among all( I checked the time taken ,as a user above gave time for some conditions).

      Output:
            index 0: A
            index 2: A

Answer 18

If you want to get index of all duplicate elements of different types you can try this solution:

# note: below list has more than one kind of duplicates
List = ['A', 'B', 'A', 'C', 'E', 'E', 'A', 'B', 'A', 'A', 'C']
d1 = {item:List.count(item) for item in List}  # item and their counts
elems = list(filter(lambda x: d1[x] > 1, d1))  # get duplicate elements
d2 = dict(zip(range(0, len(List)), List))  # each item and their indices

# item and their list of duplicate indices
res = {item: list(filter(lambda x: d2[x] == item, d2)) for item in elems}

Now, if you print(res) you'll get to see this:

{'A': [0, 2, 6, 8, 9], 'B': [1, 7], 'C': [3, 10], 'E': [4, 5]}

Answer 19

I've decided to work with enumerate instead, so:

numlist = [1, 3, 12, 1, 3]
keylist = []
for key, n in enumerate(numlist): 
  if n < 10:
    keylist.append(key)

print(keylist)

The output should be:

[0, 1, 3, 4]

Enumerate's function is applying a crescent key to each item on the list, and this is my parameter to return the item's "index".

Answer 20

This is a good question and there is a lot of ways to it.

The code below is one of the ways to do it

letters = ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "a", "a", "b"] 

lettersIndexes = [i for i in range(len(letters))] # i created a list that contains the indexes of my previous list
counter = 0 
for item in letters: 
    if item == "a": 
        print(item, lettersIndexes[counter]) 
    counter += 1 # for each item it increases the counter which means the index 

An other way to get the indexes but this time stored in a list

letters = ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "a", "a", "b"] 
lettersIndexes = [i for i in range(len(letters)) if letters[i] == "a" ] 
print(lettersIndexes) # as you can see we get a list of the indexes that we want.

Good day

Answer 21

Using a dictionary approach based on setdefault instance method.

List = ['A', 'B', 'A', 'C', 'B', 'E', 'B']

# keep track of all indices of every term
duplicates = {}
for i, key in enumerate(List):
    duplicates.setdefault(key, []).append(i)

# print only those terms with more than one index
template = 'index {}: {}'
for k, v in duplicates.items():
    if len(v) > 1:
        print(template.format(k, str(v).strip('][')))    

Remark: Counter , defaultdict and other container class from collections are subclasses of dict hence share the setdefault method as well

Answer 22

You could also use list comprehensions as follows:

List = ['A', 'B', 'A', 'C', 'E']

## you could pass a variable instead of "A"
idx = [i for i in range(len(List)) if List[i] == "A"] 

print(idx)
[0, 2]

Answer 23

I just make it simple:

i = [1,2,1,3]
k = 0
for ii in i:    
if ii == 1 :
    print ("index of 1 = ", k)
k = k+1

output:

 index of 1 =  0

 index of 1 =  2