C（linux）传递结构数组以删除元素

Question

I have the following issues in my C Program,

FIRST, I have the following structure,

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

struct ts{
  char *fname;
  char *lname;
  char *fingers;
  char *toes;
};

void delelement(char *, struct ts *);
int i;

int main(int argc, char **argv){
  struct ts *ex=(struct ts*)malloc(sizeof(struct ts));

  ex[0].fname="joe";
  ex[0].lname="bob";
  ex[0].fingers="11";
  ex[0].toes="9";

  ex[1].fname="billy";
  ex[1].lname="bronco";
  ex[1].fingers="10";
  ex[1].toes="10";

  ex[2].fname="martha";
  ex[2].lname="sue";
  ex[2].fingers="12";
  ex[2].toes="20";

  delelement("billy", ex);

  return 0;
}

For debugging I loop through and print the values in the array of structs - this works (nevermind I'm not returning a value in this function - the problem I'm running into is before we even get to that).

void delelement(char *delwhat, struct ts *passedex){

  //struct ts *tempex=(struct ts*)malloc(sizeof(struct ts));
  for(i=0; i<sizeof(passedex)-1; i++){
    printf("passedex[%d].fname is %s\n", i, passedex[i].fname);    
    printf("passedex[%d].lname is %s\n", i, passedex[i].lname);
    printf("passedex[%d].fingers is %s\n", i, passedex[i].fingers);
    printf("passedex[%d].toes is %s\n", i, passedex[i].toes);
  }
  return;
}

now THAT works fine - prints out information correctly.

now let's simply remove the comment and define the temporary array of structs

void delelement(char *delwhat, struct ts *passedex){

  struct ts *tempex=(struct ts*)malloc(sizeof(struct ts));
  for(i=0; i<sizeof(passedex)-1; i++){
    printf("passedex[%d].fname is %s\n", i, passedex[i].fname);    
    printf("passedex[%d].lname is %s\n", i, passedex[i].lname);
    printf("passedex[%d].fingers is %s\n", i, passedex[i].fingers);
    printf("passedex[%d].toes is %s\n", i, passedex[i].toes);

  }
  return;
}

BOOM - segfault

passedex[0].fname is joe
passedex[0].lname is bob
passedex[0].fingers is 11
passedex[0].toes is 9
passedex[1].fname is billy
Segmentation fault

OK so I tried a different approach - which kind of works

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
struct ts{
  char *fname;
  char *lname;
  char *fingers;
  char *toes;
};
void delelement(char *, struct ts *, struct ts *);
int i;
int main(int argc, char **argv){
  struct ts *ex=(struct ts*)malloc(sizeof(struct ts));
  struct ts *tempex=(struct ts*)malloc(sizeof(struct ts));

  ex[0].fname="joe";
  ex[0].lname="bob";
  ex[0].fingers="11";
  ex[0].toes="9";
  ex[1].fname="billy";
  ex[1].lname="bronco";
  ex[1].fingers="10";
  ex[1].toes="10";
  ex[2].fname="martha";
  ex[2].lname="sue";
  ex[2].fingers="12";
  ex[2].toes="20";
  delelement("billy", ex, tempex);
  return 0;
}
void delelement(char *delwhat, struct ts *passedex, struct ts *tempex){
  //struct ts *tempex=(struct ts*)malloc(sizeof(struct ts));
  for(i=0; i<sizeof(passedex)-1; i++){
    printf("passedex[%d].fname is %s\n", i, passedex[i].fname);    
    printf("passedex[%d].lname is %s\n", i, passedex[i].lname);
    printf("passedex[%d].fingers is %s\n", i, passedex[i].fingers);
    printf("passedex[%d].toes is %s\n", i, passedex[i].toes);
  }
  return;
}

WORKS fine... (tempex now defined in main)

passedex[0].fname is joe
passedex[0].lname is bob
passedex[0].fingers is 11
passedex[0].toes is 9
passedex[1].fname is billy
passedex[1].lname is bronco
passedex[1].fingers is 10
passedex[1].toes is 10
passedex[2].fname is martha
passedex[2].lname is sue
passedex[2].fingers is 12
passedex[2].toes is 20

now lets start assigning values to *tempex - no segfault with tempex defined in main

void delelement(char *delwhat, struct ts *passedex, struct ts *tempex){

  //struct ts *tempex=(struct ts*)malloc(sizeof(struct ts));

  for(i=0; i<sizeof(passedex)-1; i++){
    printf("passedex[%d].fname is %s\n", i, passedex[i].fname);    
    printf("passedex[%d].lname is %s\n", i, passedex[i].lname);
    printf("passedex[%d].fingers is %s\n", i, passedex[i].fingers);
    printf("passedex[%d].toes is %s\n", i, passedex[i].toes);
    tempex[i].fname=passedex[i].fname;
    tempex[i].lname=passedex[i].lname;
    tempex[i].fingers=passedex[i].fingers;
    tempex[i].toes=passedex[i].toes;
  }
  return;
}

but NOW - weirdness

passedex[0].fname is joe
passedex[0].lname is bob
passedex[0].fingers is 11
passedex[0].toes is 9
passedex[1].fname is billy
passedex[1].lname is bronco
passedex[1].fingers is joe
passedex[1].toes is bob
passedex[2].fname is 11
passedex[2].lname is 9
passedex[2].fingers is billy
passedex[2].toes is bronco

I am getting errors here. The goal is to have a dynamic array of structures containing char *'s. Once past this issue, there will be an instance in main (or wherever) that I wish to delete one of those structures.

What I was going for was something like,

struct ts* delelement(char *delwhat, struct ts *passedex, struct ts *tempex){

  //struct ts *tempex=(struct ts*)malloc(sizeof(struct ts));

  for(i=0; i<sizeof(passedex)-1; i++){
    printf("passedex[%d].fname is %s\n", i, passedex[i].fname);    
    printf("passedex[%d].lname is %s\n", i, passedex[i].lname);
    printf("passedex[%d].fingers is %s\n", i, passedex[i].fingers);
    printf("passedex[%d].toes is %s\n", i, passedex[i].toes);
    //load tempex with everything except the one I want to delete
    if(!(passedex[i].fname==delwhat)){
      tempex[i].fname=passedex[i].fname;
      tempex[i].lname=passedex[i].lname;
      tempex[i].fingers=passedex[i].fingers;
      tempex[i].toes=passedex[i].toes;
    }
  }
  free(passedex); //haven't got here yet - dunno if needed
  //realloc if needed - gotta get here first - pass segfault and/or jumbled data

  for(i=0; i<sizeof(passedex)-1; i++){
    passedex[i].fname=tempex[i].fname;
    passedex[i].lname=tempex[i].lname;
    passedex[i].fingers=tempex[i].fingers;
    passedex[i].toes=tempex[i].toes;
  }

  return passedex;
}

So it would create (or have) a temporary array of structs to work with... load that array minus the one to be deleted... reload the passed array of structs and pass it back.

Answer 1

You only allocated one struct, not 3 as you think.

You should do something like :

struct ts *ex = malloc( sizeof(struct ts) * 3 );

What you do is OK with the const char (string literal) assignments. But you should change your definition of struct ts to:

struct ts{
  const char *fname;
  const char *lname;
  const char *fingers;
  const char *toes;
};

This way your compiler will warn you if you try to change the contents of those strings.

Otherwise you can use malloc() and strcpy() for your char* 's in the struct .And

ex[0].fname = malloc(sizeof(char) * 128);
//...
strcpy(ex[0].fname , "myString");
//...

Also :

This code snippet looks a bit weird

void delelement(char *delwhat, struct ts *passedex){

  for(i=0; i<sizeof(passedex)-1; i++){
      //...
  }
  return;
}

I think you mean

void delelement(char *delwhat, struct ts *passedex , int array_size)
{
    int i;
    for( i=0 ; i < array_size ; i++ )
    {
         //...

You need to pass the size of the array as an argument. You may find some posts on this link interesting : newbie questions about malloc and sizeof

Answer 2

you are allocating space only for one ts struct

struct ts *ex=(struct ts*)malloc(sizeof(struct ts));

fact that you can access and work fine with the memory after your allocated space it's just pure luck

Answer 3

Next problem:

for(i=0; i<sizeof(passedex)-1; i++){

The sizeof operator does not return the number of element in an array, it returns the number of bytes one passedex occupies. As this is a pointer, it will have a value like 4 or 8, depending on the kind of machine you are using.

In fact, in C, there is no way of knowing how big an array, if all you have is a pointer to it. This means that you have to pass in new parameter informing your routine how big the array is.