我可以在正在运行的Python程序中放置一个断点，该程序可以放到交互式终端吗？

Question

I'm not sure if what I'm asking is possible at all, but since python is an interpreter it might be. I'm trying to make changes in an open-source project but because there are no types in python it's difficult to know what the variables have as data and what they do. You can't just look up the documentation on the var's type since you can't be sure what type it is. I want to drop to the terminal so I can quickly examine the types of the variables and what they do by typing help(var) or print(var). I could do this by changing the code and then re-running the program each time but that would be much slower.

Let's say I have a program:

def foo():
    a = 5
    my_debug_shell()
    print a

foo()

my_debug_shell is the function I'm asking about. It would drop me to the '>>>' shell of the python interpreter where I can type help(a), and it would tell me that a is an integer. Then I type 'a=7', and some 'continue' command, and the program goes on to print 7, not 5, because I changed it.

Answer 1

http://docs.python.org/library/pdb.html

import pdb
pdb.set_trace()

Answer 2

Here is a solution that doesn't require code changes:

python -m pdb prog.py <prog_args>
(pdb) b 3
Breakpoint 1 at prog.py:3
(pdb) c
...
(pdb) p a
5
(pdb) a=7
(pdb) ...

In short:

• start your program under debugger control
• set a break point at a given line of code
• let the program run up to that point
• you get an interactive prompt that let's you do what you want (type 'help' for all options)

Answer 3

A one-line partial solution is simply to put 1/0 where you want the breakpoint: this will raise an exception, which will be caught by the debugger. Two advantages of this approach are:

• Breakpoints set this way are robust against code modification (no dependence on a particular line number);

• One does not need to import pdb in every program to be debugged; one can instead directly insert "breakpoints" where needed.

In order to catch the exception automatically, you can simply do python -m pdb prog.py… and then type c (ontinue) in order to start the program. When the 1/0 is reached, the program exits, but variables can be inspected as usual with the pdb debugger ( p my_var ). Now, this does not allow you to fix things and keep running the program. Instead you can try to fix the bug and run the program again.

If you want to use the powerful IPython shell, ipython -pdb prog.py… does the same thing, but leads to IPython's better debugger interface. Alternatively, you can do everything from within the IPython shell:

• In IPython, set up the "debug on exception" mode of IPython ( %pdb ).
• Run the program from IPython with %run prog.py… . When an exception occurs, the debugger is automatically activated and you can inspect variables, etc.

The advantage of this latter approach is that (1) the IPython shell is almost a must; and (2) once it is installed, debugging can easily be done through it (instead of directly through the pdb module). The full documentation is available on the IPython pages.

Answer 4

Python 3.7 has a new builtin way of setting breakpoints.

breakpoint()

The implementation of breakpoint() will import pdb and call pdb.set_trace() .

Remember to include the braces () , since breakpoint is a function, not a keyword.

Answer 5

You can run the program using pdb, and add breakpoints before starting execution.

In reality though, it's usually just as fast to edit the code and put in the set_trace() call, as another user stated.

Answer 6

Not sure what the real question is. Python gives you the 'pdb' debugger (google yourself) and in addition you can add logging and debug output as needed.