如何对Spring MVC带注释的控制器进行单元测试？

Question

I am following a Spring 2.5 tutorial and trying, at the same time, updating the code/setup to Spring 3.0.

In Spring 2.5 I had the HelloController (for reference):

public class HelloController implements Controller {
    protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        logger.info("Returning hello view");
        return new ModelAndView("hello.jsp");
    }
}

And a JUnit test for the HelloController (for reference):

public class HelloControllerTests extends TestCase {
    public void testHandleRequestView() throws Exception{
        HelloController controller = new HelloController();
        ModelAndView modelAndView = controller.handleRequest(null, null);
        assertEquals("hello", modelAndView.getViewName());
    }
}

But now I updated the controller to Spring 3.0 , and it now uses annotations (I also added a message ):

@Controller
public class HelloController {
    protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public ModelAndView handleRequest() {
        logger.info("Returning hello view");
        return new ModelAndView("hello", "message", "THIS IS A MESSAGE");
    }
}

Knowing that I am using JUnit 4.9, can some one explain me how to unit test this last controller?

Answer 1

One advantage of annotation-based Spring MVC is that they can be tested in a straightforward manner, like so:

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

public class HelloControllerTest {
   @Test
   public void testHelloController() {
       HelloController c= new HelloController();
       ModelAndView mav= c.handleRequest();
       Assert.assertEquals("hello", mav.getViewName());
       ...
   }
}

Is there any problem with this approach?

For more advanced integration testing, there is a reference in Spring documentation to the org.springframework.mock.web .

Answer 2

With mvc:annotation-driven you have to have 2 steps: first you resolve the request to handler using HandlerMapping, then you can execute the method using that handler via HandlerAdapter. Something like:

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("yourContext.xml")
public class ControllerTest {

    @Autowired
    private RequestMappingHandlerAdapter handlerAdapter;

    @Autowired
    private RequestMappingHandlerMapping handlerMapping;

    @Test
    public void testController() throws Exception {
        MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest();
        // request init here

        MockHttpServletResponse response = new MockHttpServletResponse();
        Object handler = handlerMapping.getHandler(request).getHandler();
        ModelAndView modelAndView = handlerAdapter.handle(request, response, handler);

        // modelAndView and/or response asserts here
    }
}

This works with Spring 3.1, but I guess some variant of this must exist for every version. Looking at the Spring 3.0 code, I'd say DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping and AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter should do the trick.

Answer 3

You can also look into other web testing frameworks that are independent of Spring like HtmlUnit , or Selenium . You won't find any more robust strategy with JUnit alone other than what Sasha has described, except you should definitely assert the model.