下面的 selenuim 2/webdriver 测试有什么问题？

Question

I have trouble automating a simple JSF login page that takes 4 inputs (client code, system code, user and password) and takes to the administration page. The below test is behaving differently with each of the drivers and all of them are unsuccessful. I have looked at the html code from the browser (view source) and I see all the input type elements are present with proper id's.

UPDATE

I was able to make the code work correctly with Firefox with the below change (submitting the form by explicitly clicking on the button rather than submitting he form). But other drivers are showing the same erroneous behavior as described.

driver.findElement(By.className("af_commandButton")).click();

---

Code

import junit.framework.Assert;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class LoginPage
{
    public static void main(final String[] args)
    {
        // WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();
        // WebDriver driver = new HtmlUnitDriver();
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        // WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

        try
        {
            driver.get("http://domain:port/coco/webapp/login/login.faces");

            driver.findElement(By.id("clientCode")).sendKeys("coco");
            driver.findElement(By.id("systemCode")).sendKeys("consumer");
            driver.findElement(By.id("userId")).sendKeys("ffadmin");
            driver.findElement(By.id("password")).sendKeys("password1");

            driver.findElement(By.id("LoginloginForm")).submit();
            // driver.findElement(By.id("login")).click();

            Assert.assertTrue(driver.getPageSource().contains("Administration"));
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        finally
        {
            driver.quit();
        }
    }
}

Chrome

Incorrectly filling in the information as shown below

Internet Explorer

org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException: Unable to find element with id == clientCode (WARNING: The server did not pr
ovide any stacktrace information)
System info: os.name: 'Windows 7', os.arch: 'x86', os.version: '6.1', java.version: '1.6.0_24'
Driver info: driver.version: RemoteWebDriver
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:27)
    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:513)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.createThrowable(ErrorHandler.java:131)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.throwIfResponseFailed(ErrorHandler.java:105)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:409)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElement(RemoteWebDriver.java:192)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElementById(RemoteWebDriver.java:209)
    at org.openqa.selenium.By$1.findElement(By.java:66)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElement(RemoteWebDriver.java:184)
    at LoginPage.main(LoginPage.java:22)

FireFox

Fills in the information properly as shown below but nothing happens when the form is submitted with the posted code and I get the shown exception

Exception in thread "main" junit.framework.AssertionFailedError: null
    at junit.framework.Assert.fail(Assert.java:47)
    at junit.framework.Assert.assertTrue(Assert.java:20)
    at junit.framework.Assert.assertTrue(Assert.java:27)
    at LoginPage.main(LoginPage.java:30)

HtmlUnitDriver

org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: Cannot locate element used to submit form
System info: os.name: 'Windows 7', os.arch: 'x86', os.version: '6.1', java.version: '1.6.0_24'
Driver info: driver.version: unknown
    at org.openqa.selenium.htmlunit.HtmlUnitWebElement.submitForm(HtmlUnitWebElement.java:155)
    at org.openqa.selenium.htmlunit.HtmlUnitWebElement.submit(HtmlUnitWebElement.java:108)
    at LoginPage.main(LoginPage.java:27)

HTML

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html dir="ltr" lang="en-US">
  <head>
    <meta name="generator" content=
    "HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 14 February 2006), see www.w3.org">
    <meta name="generator" content="Apache Trinidad">
    <link rel="stylesheet" charset="UTF-8" type="text/css" href=
    "/coco/webapp/adf/styles/cache/interconnect-zcl0st-en-ltr-webkit.css">
    <script type="text/javascript">
var _AdfWindowOpenError='A popup window blocker has been detected in your browser. Popup blockers interfere with the operation of this application. Please disable your popup blocker or allow popups from this site.';
    </script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src=
    "/coco/webapp/adf/jsLibs/Common1_0_8.js">
</script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
_defaultTZ()
    </script>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="../skins/interconnect/trinidad-components.css"
    type="text/css">
    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
    <script language="JavaScript" src="../Assets/jquery-1.3.2.min.js" type=
    "text/javascript">
</script>
    <script language="JavaScript" src="../Assets/vsFunctions.js" type=
    "text/javascript">
</script>
    <script language="JavaScript" src="../Assets/ic-script.js" type=
    "text/javascript">
</script>
    <script language="JavaScript" src="../Assets/timezone.js" type=
    "text/javascript">
</script><!--[if lte IE 6]>     

                        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../Assets/ie6fixes.css" />   

                        <script language="JavaScript" src="../Assets/ie6-script.js"></script>   

                <![endif]--><!--[if IE 7]>     

                        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../Assets/ie7fixes.css" />  

                        <script language="JavaScript" src="../Assets/ie7-script.js"></script>

                <![endif]-->

    <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">

                        function disableButton(inputButton)

                        {

                                inputButton.disabled=true;              

                        }

    </script>
    <title></title>
  </head><!-- this is a placehold for application version-->
  <body onload=
  "return _chain('_checkLoad()','readTimeZoneOffset()',this,event)" onunload=
  "_checkUnload(event)">
    <a name="top" id="top"></a><noscript>This page uses JavaScript and requires
    a JavaScript enabled browser.Your browser is not JavaScript
    enabled.</noscript>
    <div class="main-header">
      <div id="header:header-branding" class="header-branding">
        <div id="header:clientbrand" class="client-brand">
          <img id="header:client-image" name="header:client-image" src=
          "/coco/webapp/skins/interconnect/client-logo.gif">
        </div>
      </div>
      <form id="header:_id5" name="header:_id5" style="margin:0px" method=
      "post" onkeypress="return _submitOnEnter(event,'header:_id5');" action=
      "/coco/webapp/login/login.faces">
        <div id="header:basebar" class="basebar">
          <div id="header:finish-right-bar" class="finish-right-bar">
            <ul class="navbar navBarHelp"></ul>
          </div>
        </div><input type="hidden" name=
        "org.apache.myfaces.trinidad.faces.FORM" value="header:_id5"><span id=
        "tr_header:_id5_Postscript"><input type="hidden" name=
        "org.apache.myfaces.trinidad.faces.STATE" value=
        "!24835796"><script type="text/javascript">
function _header__id5Validator(f,s){return true;}
        </script></span><script type="text/javascript">
_submitFormCheck();
        </script>
      </form>
      <div class="rule"></div>
    </div>
    <div class="main-menu">
      <div class="rule"></div>
    </div>
    <div id="content" class="compact content split-lines">
      <div class="content">
        <div class="locale">
          <form id="localeChanger" name="localeChanger" class="spacingDisplay"
          style="margin:0px" method="post" onkeypress=
          "return _submitOnEnter(event,'localeChanger');" action=
          "/coco/webapp/login/login.faces">
            <div class="locale-links">
              <a href="#" onclick=
              "submitForm('localeChanger',1,{source:'changeLocale_en'});return false;"
              id="changeLocale_en" title="English version" name=
              "changeLocale_en"><img id="flagUSA" src=
              "/coco/webapp/Images/upgrade/flag_english.jpg" alt=
              "English version" border="0" name="flagUSA"></a><a href="#"
              onclick=
              "submitForm('localeChanger',1,{source:'changeLocale_es'});return false;"
              id="changeLocale_es" title="Spanish version" name=
              "changeLocale_es"><img id="flagSPAIN" src=
              "/coco/webapp/Images/upgrade/flag_spanish.jpg" alt=
              "Spanish version" border="0" name="flagSPAIN"></a><a href="#"
              onclick=
              "submitForm('localeChanger',1,{source:'changeLocale_fr'});return false;"
              id="changeLocale_fr" title="French version" name=
              "changeLocale_fr"><img id="flagFRANCE" src=
              "/coco/webapp/Images/upgrade/flag_french.jpg" alt=
              "French version" border="0" name="flagFRANCE"></a><a href="#"
              onclick=
              "submitForm('localeChanger',1,{source:'changeLocale_pt'});return false;"
              id="changeLocale_pt" title="Portuguese version" name=
              "changeLocale_pt"><img id="flagBRASIL" src=
              "/coco/webapp/Images/upgrade/flag_portuguese.jpg" alt=
              "Portuguese version" border="0" name="flagBRASIL"></a>
            </div><input type="hidden" name=
            "org.apache.myfaces.trinidad.faces.FORM" value=
            "localeChanger"><span id="tr_localeChanger_Postscript"><input type=
            "hidden" name="org.apache.myfaces.trinidad.faces.STATE" value=
            "!24835796"><script type="text/javascript">
function _localeChangerValidator(f,s){return true;}
            </script></span><script type="text/javascript">
_submitFormCheck();
            </script>
          </form>
        </div>
        <form id="LoginloginForm" name="LoginloginForm" class="spacingDisplay"
        style="margin:0px" method="post" onkeypress=
        "return _submitOnEnter(event,'LoginloginForm','login');" action=
        "/coco/webapp/login/login.faces">
          <h1 class="pageTitle">
            User Authentication
          </h1>
          <div class="wizard">
            <div class="section">
              <div class="content">
                <div class="input">
                  <div class="field">
                    <span class="label"><label for="clientCode">Client
                    Code</label></span>
                    <div class="content">
                      <script type="text/javascript">
var _locale='en-US';var _tLocale='en-US';
                      </script><script type="text/javascript" src=
                      "/coco/webapp/adf/jsLibs/resources/LocaleElements_en_US1_0_8.js?loc=en_US">
</script><span class="af_inputText p_AFRequired"><input id="clientCode"
                      name="clientCode" class="af_inputText_content" size="30"
                      maxlength="20" type="text"></span>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="field">
                    <span class="label"><label for="systemCode">System
                    Code</label></span>
                    <div class="content">
                      <span class="af_inputText p_AFRequired"><input id=
                      "systemCode" name="systemCode" class=
                      "af_inputText_content" size="30" maxlength="20" type=
                      "text"></span>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="field">
                    <span class="label"><label for="userId">User
                    Id</label></span>
                    <div class="content">
                      <span class="af_inputText p_AFRequired"><input id=
                      "userId" name="userId" class="af_inputText_content" size=
                      "30" maxlength="20" type="text"></span>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="field">
                    <span class="label"><label for=
                    "password">Password</label></span>
                    <div class="content">
                      <span class="af_inputText p_AFRequired"><input id=
                      "password" name="password" onkeydown=
                      "return _clearPassword(this, event);" class=
                      "af_inputText_content" size="30" maxlength="20" type=
                      "password"></span>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div><img class="wizard-graphic" src=
                "../Images/upgrade/safe_box.jpg">
                <div class="section">
                  <button id="login" name="login" type="button" onclick=
                  "submitForm('LoginloginForm',1,{source:'login'});return false;"
                  class="action af_commandButton">Log In</button><button id=
                  "forgotPassword" name="forgotPassword" type="button" class=
                  "action af_goButton" onclick=
                  "document.location='../forgotpassword/ForgotPassword.faces'">Password
                  Help</button>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
          <div class="legalNoticeLogin">
            <div class="section">
              <div class="content">
                <div id="legalCopy" class="copy">
                  <div class="xcopy af_outputDocument">
                    <p class="af_outputDocument_paragraph">
                      <b>IMPORTANT - READ CAREFULLY</b>
                    </p>
                    <p class="af_outputDocument_paragraph">
                      The private Web site you are about to enter
                    </p>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div><input type="hidden" name=
          "org.apache.myfaces.trinidad.faces.FORM" value=
          "LoginloginForm"><span id="tr_LoginloginForm_Postscript"><input type=
          "hidden" name="org.apache.myfaces.trinidad.faces.STATE" value=
          "!24835796"><script type="text/javascript">
function _LoginloginFormValidator(f,s){return true;}
          </script></span><script type="text/javascript">
_submitFormCheck();
          </script>
        </form>
      </div>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

Answer 1

The correct way to do it would be one of the following:

selenium.click("//button[@id='login']");
driver.findElement(By.Xpath("//button[@id='login']")).click();

I would avoid using the submit form functionality because it looks like the Log In button click is firing some customised JavaScript, you won't fire this if you use the webDriver form submit functionality.

By trying to click on a button with a specific class you are causing yourself the following problems:

More than 1 element can legally have the same class so you may be clicking on the wrong element. Multiple classes can be assigned to an element, if more than one class is applied and you are searching for a single class it will not always recognise your element, you can get arouns this with XPath by using the contains function, but if you have a perfectly servicable ID it is madness to use this strategy as using contains will again potentially match multiple elements so you may not click on the one you are expecting to click on.

Example of contains with XPath:

selenium.click("//button[contains(@class,'af_commandButton')]");
driver.findElement(By.Xpath("//button[contains(@class,'af_commandButton')]")).click();

Answer 2

For firefox,

If you have any UI element that submits the form, please use that

say selenium.click("link=submit")

I think It immediately checks for assertion after submitting the form(which also has failed), but it would take some time for page to load. Try putting some delay after form submit. You can use waitForPageToLoad() or Thread.sleep().

Also if the Text "Administration" appears on page, first retrieve the text using xpath/css locator first and then compare it, it will be faster than reading the whole page source.

I've worked only on Selenium 1, but I'm sure you'll have similar functions in Selenium 2 driver.

UPDATE

selenium.click("//div[@class=\'section\']/button[@id=\'login\']") //this will click on login button. Java code for selenium 1

I hope this works, otherwise use firebug to copy the xpath/css locator of the login button and use that as argument for selenium click function.