[英]Why isn't the const qualifier working on pointer members on const objects?
I know this has been asked a lot, but the only answers I could find was when the const-ness was actually casted away using (int*) or similar. 我知道这已被问过很多,但我能找到的唯一答案就是当const-ness实际上是使用(int *)或类似的方法进行的。 Why isn't the const qualifier working on pointer type member variables on const objects when no cast is involved?
当没有涉及强制转换时,为什么const限定符不在const对象上处理指针类型成员变量?
#include <iostream>
class bar {
public:
void doit() { std::cout << " bar::doit() non-const\n"; }
void doit() const { std::cout << " bar::doit() const\n"; }
};
class foo {
bar* mybar1;
bar mybar2;
public:
foo() : mybar1(new bar) {}
void doit() const {
std::cout << "foo::doit() const\n";
std::cout << " calling mybar1->doit()\n";
mybar1->doit(); // This calls bar::doit() instead of bar::doit() const
std::cout << " calling mybar2.doit()\n";
mybar2.doit(); // This calls bar::doit() const correctly
}
// ... (proper copying elided for brevity)
};
int main(void)
{
const foo foobar; // NOTE: foobar is const
foobar.doit();
}
The code above yields the following output (tested in gcc 4.5.2 and vc100): 上面的代码产生以下输出(在gcc 4.5.2和vc100中测试):
foo::doit() const calling mybar1->doit() bar::doit() non-const <-- Why ? calling mybar2.doit() bar::doit() const
When a foo instance is const, its data members are const too, but this applies differently for pointers than you might at first think: 当foo实例是const时,它的数据成员也是const,但这对于指针的适用方式与您最初想的不同:
struct A {
int *p;
};
A const obj;
The type of obj.p is int * const, not int const *; obj.p的类型是int * const,而不是int const *; that is, a constant pointer to int, not a pointer to constant int.
也就是说,一个指向int的常量指针,而不是指向常量int的指针。
For another way to look at it, let's start with a function: 另一种看待它的方法,让我们从一个函数开始:
template<class T>
T const& const_(T const &x) {
return x;
}
Now imagine we have an A instance, and we make it const. 现在假设我们有一个A实例,我们将它设为const。 You can imagine that as applying const_ on each data member.
您可以想象在每个数据成员上应用const_。
A nc;
// nc.p has type int*.
typedef int *T; // T is the type of nc.p.
T const &p_when_nc_is_const = const_(nc.p);
// "T const" is "int * const".
const T &be_wary_of_where_you_place_const = const_(nc.p);
// "const T" is "int * const".
// "const T" is *not* "const int *".
The variable be_wary_of_where_you_place_const shows that "adding const" is not the same as prepending "const" to the literal text of a type. 可变be_wary_of_where_you_place_const显示,“添加常量”是不一样的预谋“常量”的类型的文字的文本。
I am going to answer my own question in this case. 在这种情况下,我将回答我自己的问题。 Fred Nurk's answer is correct but does not really explain the "why".
Fred Nurk的答案是正确的,但并没有真正解释“为什么”。
mybar1
and *mybar1
are different. mybar1
和*mybar1
不同。 The first refer to the actual pointer and the latter the object. 第一个引用实际指针,后者引用对象。 The pointer is const (as mandated by the const-ness on foo; you can't do
mybar1 = 0
), but not the pointed to object, as that would require me to declare it const bar* mybar1
. 指针是const(由foo上的常量强制要求;你不能做
mybar1 = 0
),而不是指向对象,因为这需要我声明它为const bar* mybar1
。 The declaration bar* mybar1
is equivalent to bar* const mybar1
when the foo object is const (ie pointer is const, not pointed to object). 当foo对象为const时,声明
bar* mybar1
等效于bar* const mybar1
(即指针是const,不指向对象)。
C++ by default gives a so called bitwise constness - meaning it ensures that no single bit of object has been changed, so it just checks the address of the pointer. 默认情况下,C ++给出了一个所谓的按位常量 - 这意味着它确保没有任何单个对象位被更改,所以它只是检查指针的地址。
You can read more about it in great book "Effective c++" by S. Meyers 您可以在S. Meyers的精彩书籍“Effective c ++”中阅读更多相关内容
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