[英]Turbo C strcpy library function
I discovered that the strcpy function simply copied one string to anther.我发现 strcpy function 只是将一个字符串复制到花药。 For instance, if a program included the following statements:例如,如果一个程序包含以下语句:
char buffer[10];
----------
strcpy(buffer, "Dante");
the string "Dante" would be placed in the array buffer[].字符串“Dante”将被放置在数组 buffer[] 中。 The string would include the terminating null( \0 ), which means that six characters in all would be copied.该字符串将包含终止的 null ( \0 ),这意味着将复制总共六个字符。 I'm just wondering why we can't achieve the same effect more simply by saying?我只是想知道为什么我们不能更简单地通过说来达到同样的效果? : :
buffer = "Dante";
If I'm not mistaken, C treats strings far more like arrays than BASIC does.如果我没记错的话,C 对待字符串的方式比 BASIC 更像 arrays。
Because strings aren't a data type in C.因为字符串不是 C 中的数据类型。 "Strings" are char*
s, so when you try to assign them, you are simply copying the memory address and not the characters into the buffer. “字符串”是char*
,因此当您尝试分配它们时,您只是将 memory 地址而不是字符复制到缓冲区中。
Consider this:考虑一下:
char* buffer;
buffer = malloc(20);
buffer = "Dante";
Why should it magically place "Dante" into the buffer?为什么要神奇地将“Dante”放入缓冲区?
Because an "array" in C is a chunk of memory.因为 C 中的“数组”是 memory 的一个块。 There's no pointer to assign to.没有可分配的指针。
If you're asking why the syntax isn't like that: Well, what would happen if the lengths were different?如果你问为什么语法不是这样:好吧,如果长度不同会发生什么?
Address of array is not changeable.数组的地址不可更改。 In other sense you can consider,在其他意义上,你可以考虑,
char buffer[20];
is a compile time equivalent of,是编译时间等价于,
char* const buffer = (char*)malloc(20);
Now, since buffer
address cannot be changed, one cannot perform operations like:现在,由于buffer
地址无法更改,因此无法执行以下操作:
buffer = "Dante"; // error 'buffer' address is not modifiable
When you write buffer
, it is treated as a pointer to the first element of the array.当您写入buffer
时,它被视为指向数组第一个元素的指针。 Of course, *buffer
or buffer[0]
is the first element.当然, *buffer
或buffer[0]
是第一个元素。 Since buffer
is just a pointer, you can't assign a whole bunch of data like "Dante"
to it.由于buffer
只是一个指针,因此您不能将一大堆数据(如"Dante"
分配给它。
you can't do buffer = "Dante"
because there is no "string" data type in C, only arrays.您不能执行buffer = "Dante"
,因为 C 中没有“字符串”数据类型,只有 arrays。
Now you CAN however do...现在你可以做...
char buffer[10] = "Dante";
but if the length of the string is unknown you can do...但如果字符串的长度未知,你可以这样做......
char buffer[] = "Dante123456678";
but only during initialization, meaning you can't do...但仅在初始化期间,这意味着你不能做......
char buffer[];
buffer = "Dante";
If char buffer[128];
如果char buffer[128];
was the declaration, then buffer
refers the first location of the array, so buffer = "Dante" will try assigning the address of the string onto the address which is stored in the array.是声明,然后buffer
引用数组的第一个位置,因此 buffer = "Dante" 将尝试将字符串的地址分配给存储在数组中的地址。 Memory address location in the array are read only and statically assigned when compiled. Memory 数组中的地址位置是只读的,编译时静态分配。 So you cannot do buffer = "Dante"
as it attempts to change an address location which points to some other location fixed at compile time.所以你不能做buffer = "Dante"
因为它试图改变一个地址位置,它指向在编译时固定的某个其他位置。 These locations cannot be written.无法写入这些位置。
If char *buffer;
如果char *buffer;
was the declaration, then buffer
is a pointer to a char
type variable which can point to a starring chunk of memory blocks.是声明,然后buffer
是指向char
类型变量的指针,该变量可以指向 memory 块的主演块。 So when you do buffer = "Dante"
the address of the string into buffer
.因此,当您执行buffer = "Dante"
时,将字符串的地址转换为buffer
。 When will show the string when you print it, as it points to a string starting address, which is compiled in and stored in the executable.当您打印它时将显示字符串,因为它指向一个字符串起始地址,该地址被编译并存储在可执行文件中。 But this is not a preferred method.但这不是首选方法。
If you do char arr[] = "Dante";
如果你这样做char arr[] = "Dante";
the string "Dante" gets stored in the .text
section where you can write, so arr[0] = 'K'
something like this, ie modification is possible.字符串“Dante”存储在您可以编写的.text
部分中,因此arr[0] = 'K'
是这样的,即可以进行修改。
If you do char *arr = "Dante";
如果你这样做char *arr = "Dante";
then the string "Dante" gets stored in the .rodata
or similar location which is not writeable.然后字符串“Dante”被存储在不可写的.rodata
或类似位置。 This is because string literals are not modifiable as per the standards.这是因为字符串文字不能按照标准进行修改。
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