在 node.js 中一次读取一行文件？

Question

I am trying to read a large file one line at a time. I found a question on Quora that dealt with the subject but I'm missing some connections to make the whole thing fit together.

 var Lazy=require("lazy");
 new Lazy(process.stdin)
     .lines
     .forEach(
          function(line) { 
              console.log(line.toString()); 
          }
 );
 process.stdin.resume();

The bit that I'd like to figure out is how I might read one line at a time from a file instead of STDIN as in this sample.

I tried:

 fs.open('./VeryBigFile.csv', 'r', '0666', Process);

 function Process(err, fd) {
    if (err) throw err;
    // DO lazy read 
 }

but it's not working. I know that in a pinch I could fall back to using something like PHP, but I would like to figure this out.

I don't think the other answer would work as the file is much larger than the server I'm running it on has memory for.

Answer 1

Since Node.js v0.12 and as of Node.js v4.0.0, there is a stable readline core module. Here's the easiest way to read lines from a file, without any external modules:

const fs = require('fs');
const readline = require('readline');

async function processLineByLine() {
  const fileStream = fs.createReadStream('input.txt');

  const rl = readline.createInterface({
    input: fileStream,
    crlfDelay: Infinity
  });
  // Note: we use the crlfDelay option to recognize all instances of CR LF
  // ('\r\n') in input.txt as a single line break.

  for await (const line of rl) {
    // Each line in input.txt will be successively available here as `line`.
    console.log(`Line from file: ${line}`);
  }
}

processLineByLine();

Or alternatively:

var lineReader = require('readline').createInterface({
  input: require('fs').createReadStream('file.in')
});

lineReader.on('line', function (line) {
  console.log('Line from file:', line);
});

The last line is read correctly (as of Node v0.12 or later), even if there is no final \n .

UPDATE : this example has been added to Node's API official documentation .

Answer 2

For such a simple operation there shouldn't be any dependency on third-party modules. Go easy.

var fs = require('fs'),
    readline = require('readline');

var rd = readline.createInterface({
    input: fs.createReadStream('/path/to/file'),
    output: process.stdout,
    console: false
});

rd.on('line', function(line) {
    console.log(line);
});

Answer 3

You don't have to open the file, but instead, you have to create a ReadStream .

fs.createReadStream

Then pass that stream to Lazy

Answer 4

require('fs').readFileSync('file.txt', 'utf-8').split(/\r?\n/).forEach(function(line){
  console.log(line);
})

Answer 5

Update in 2019

An awesome example is already posted on official Nodejs documentation. here

This requires the latest Nodejs is installed on your machine. >11.4

const fs = require('fs');
const readline = require('readline');

async function processLineByLine() {
  const fileStream = fs.createReadStream('input.txt');

  const rl = readline.createInterface({
    input: fileStream,
    crlfDelay: Infinity
  });
  // Note: we use the crlfDelay option to recognize all instances of CR LF
  // ('\r\n') in input.txt as a single line break.

  for await (const line of rl) {
    // Each line in input.txt will be successively available here as `line`.
    console.log(`Line from file: ${line}`);
  }
}

processLineByLine();

Answer 6

there is a very nice module for reading a file line by line, it's called line-reader

with it you simply just write:

var lineReader = require('line-reader');

lineReader.eachLine('file.txt', function(line, last) {
  console.log(line);
  // do whatever you want with line...
  if(last){
    // or check if it's the last one
  }
});

you can even iterate the file with a "java-style" interface, if you need more control:

lineReader.open('file.txt', function(reader) {
  if (reader.hasNextLine()) {
    reader.nextLine(function(line) {
      console.log(line);
    });
  }
});

Answer 7

Old topic, but this works:

var rl = readline.createInterface({
      input : fs.createReadStream('/path/file.txt'),
      output: process.stdout,
      terminal: false
})
rl.on('line',function(line){
     console.log(line) //or parse line
})

Simple. No need for an external module.

Answer 8

You can always roll your own line reader. I have'nt benchmarked this snippet yet, but it correctly splits the incoming stream of chunks into lines without the trailing '\n'

var last = "";

process.stdin.on('data', function(chunk) {
    var lines, i;

    lines = (last+chunk).split("\n");
    for(i = 0; i < lines.length - 1; i++) {
        console.log("line: " + lines[i]);
    }
    last = lines[i];
});

process.stdin.on('end', function() {
    console.log("line: " + last);
});

process.stdin.resume();

I did come up with this when working on a quick log parsing script that needed to accumulate data during the log parsing and I felt that it would nice to try doing this using js and node instead of using perl or bash.

Anyway, I do feel that small nodejs scripts should be self contained and not rely on third party modules so after reading all the answers to this question, each using various modules to handle line parsing, a 13 SLOC native nodejs solution might be of interest.

Answer 9

With the carrier module :

var carrier = require('carrier');

process.stdin.resume();
carrier.carry(process.stdin, function(line) {
    console.log('got one line: ' + line);
});

Answer 10

I ended up with a massive, massive memory leak using Lazy to read line by line when trying to then process those lines and write them to another stream due to the way drain/pause/resume in node works (see: http://elegantcode.com/2011/04/06/taking-baby-steps-with-node-js-pumping-data-between-streams/ (i love this guy btw)). I haven't looked closely enough at Lazy to understand exactly why, but I couldn't pause my read stream to allow for a drain without Lazy exiting.

I wrote the code to process massive csv files into xml docs, you can see the code here: https://github.com/j03m/node-csv2xml

If you run the previous revisions with Lazy line it leaks. The latest revision doesn't leak at all and you can probably use it as the basis for a reader/processor. Though I have some custom stuff in there.

Edit: I guess I should also note that my code with Lazy worked fine until I found myself writing large enough xml fragments that drain/pause/resume because a necessity. For smaller chunks it was fine.

Answer 11

Edit:

Use a transform stream .

---

With a BufferedReader you can read lines.

new BufferedReader ("lorem ipsum", { encoding: "utf8" })
    .on ("error", function (error){
        console.log ("error: " + error);
    })
    .on ("line", function (line){
        console.log ("line: " + line);
    })
    .on ("end", function (){
        console.log ("EOF");
    })
    .read ();

Answer 12

Since posting my original answer, I found that split is a very easy to use node module for line reading in a file; Which also accepts optional parameters.

var split = require('split');
fs.createReadStream(file)
    .pipe(split())
    .on('data', function (line) {
      //each chunk now is a seperate line! 
    });

Haven't tested on very large files. Let us know if you do.

Answer 13

In most cases this should be enough:

const fs = require("fs")

fs.readFile('./file', 'utf-8', (err, file) => {
  const lines = file.split('\n')

  for (let line of lines)
    console.log(line)
});

Answer 14

I was frustrated by the lack of a comprehensive solution for this, so I put together my own attempt ( git / npm ). Copy-pasted list of features:

• Interactive line processing (callback-based, no loading the entire file into RAM)
• Optionally, return all lines in an array (detailed or raw mode)
• Interactively interrupt streaming, or perform map/filter like processing
• Detect any newline convention (PC/Mac/Linux)
• Correct eof / last line treatment
• Correct handling of multi-byte UTF-8 characters
• Retrieve byte offset and byte length information on per-line basis
• Random access, using line-based or byte-based offsets
• Automatically map line-offset information, to speed up random access
• Zero dependencies
• Tests

NIH? You decide:-)

Answer 15

I wanted to tackle this same problem, basically what in Perl would be:

while (<>) {
    process_line($_);
}

My use case was just a standalone script, not a server, so synchronous was fine. These were my criteria:

• The minimal synchronous code that could reuse in many projects.
• No limits on file size or number of lines.
• No limits on length of lines.
• Able to handle full Unicode in UTF-8, including characters beyond the BMP.
• Able to handle *nix and Windows line endings (old-style Mac not needed for me).
• Line endings character(s) to be included in lines.
• Able to handle last line with or without end-of-line characters.
• Not use any external libraries not included in the node.js distribution.

This is a project for me to get a feel for low-level scripting type code in node.js and decide how viable it is as a replacement for other scripting languages like Perl.

After a surprising amount of effort and a couple of false starts this is the code I came up with. It's pretty fast but less trivial than I would've expected: (fork it on GitHub)

var fs            = require('fs'),
    StringDecoder = require('string_decoder').StringDecoder,
    util          = require('util');

function lineByLine(fd) {
  var blob = '';
  var blobStart = 0;
  var blobEnd = 0;

  var decoder = new StringDecoder('utf8');

  var CHUNK_SIZE = 16384;
  var chunk = new Buffer(CHUNK_SIZE);

  var eolPos = -1;
  var lastChunk = false;

  var moreLines = true;
  var readMore = true;

  // each line
  while (moreLines) {

    readMore = true;
    // append more chunks from the file onto the end of our blob of text until we have an EOL or EOF
    while (readMore) {

      // do we have a whole line? (with LF)
      eolPos = blob.indexOf('\n', blobStart);

      if (eolPos !== -1) {
        blobEnd = eolPos;
        readMore = false;

      // do we have the last line? (no LF)
      } else if (lastChunk) {
        blobEnd = blob.length;
        readMore = false;

      // otherwise read more
      } else {
        var bytesRead = fs.readSync(fd, chunk, 0, CHUNK_SIZE, null);

        lastChunk = bytesRead !== CHUNK_SIZE;

        blob += decoder.write(chunk.slice(0, bytesRead));
      }
    }

    if (blobStart < blob.length) {
      processLine(blob.substring(blobStart, blobEnd + 1));

      blobStart = blobEnd + 1;

      if (blobStart >= CHUNK_SIZE) {
        // blobStart is in characters, CHUNK_SIZE is in octets
        var freeable = blobStart / CHUNK_SIZE;

        // keep blob from growing indefinitely, not as deterministic as I'd like
        blob = blob.substring(CHUNK_SIZE);
        blobStart -= CHUNK_SIZE;
        blobEnd -= CHUNK_SIZE;
      }
    } else {
      moreLines = false;
    }
  }
}

It could probably be cleaned up further, it was the result of trial and error.

Answer 16

function createLineReader(fileName){
    var EM = require("events").EventEmitter
    var ev = new EM()
    var stream = require("fs").createReadStream(fileName)
    var remainder = null;
    stream.on("data",function(data){
        if(remainder != null){//append newly received data chunk
            var tmp = new Buffer(remainder.length+data.length)
            remainder.copy(tmp)
            data.copy(tmp,remainder.length)
            data = tmp;
        }
        var start = 0;
        for(var i=0; i<data.length; i++){
            if(data[i] == 10){ //\n new line
                var line = data.slice(start,i)
                ev.emit("line", line)
                start = i+1;
            }
        }
        if(start<data.length){
            remainder = data.slice(start);
        }else{
            remainder = null;
        }
    })

    stream.on("end",function(){
        if(null!=remainder) ev.emit("line",remainder)
    })

    return ev
}


//---------main---------------
fileName = process.argv[2]

lineReader = createLineReader(fileName)
lineReader.on("line",function(line){
    console.log(line.toString())
    //console.log("++++++++++++++++++++")
})

Answer 17

Generator based line reader: https://github.com/neurosnap/gen-readlines

var fs = require('fs');
var readlines = require('gen-readlines');

fs.open('./file.txt', 'r', function(err, fd) {
  if (err) throw err;
  fs.fstat(fd, function(err, stats) {
    if (err) throw err;

    for (var line of readlines(fd, stats.size)) {
      console.log(line.toString());
    }

  });
});

Answer 18

If you want to read a file line by line and writing this in another:

var fs = require('fs');
var readline = require('readline');
var Stream = require('stream');

function readFileLineByLine(inputFile, outputFile) {

   var instream = fs.createReadStream(inputFile);
   var outstream = new Stream();
   outstream.readable = true;
   outstream.writable = true;

   var rl = readline.createInterface({
      input: instream,
      output: outstream,
      terminal: false
   });

   rl.on('line', function (line) {
        fs.appendFileSync(outputFile, line + '\n');
   });
};

Answer 19

var fs = require('fs');

function readfile(name,online,onend,encoding) {
    var bufsize = 1024;
    var buffer = new Buffer(bufsize);
    var bufread = 0;
    var fd = fs.openSync(name,'r');
    var position = 0;
    var eof = false;
    var data = "";
    var lines = 0;

    encoding = encoding || "utf8";

    function readbuf() {
        bufread = fs.readSync(fd,buffer,0,bufsize,position);
        position += bufread;
        eof = bufread ? false : true;
        data += buffer.toString(encoding,0,bufread);
    }

    function getLine() {
        var nl = data.indexOf("\r"), hasnl = nl !== -1;
        if (!hasnl && eof) return fs.closeSync(fd), online(data,++lines), onend(lines); 
        if (!hasnl && !eof) readbuf(), nl = data.indexOf("\r"), hasnl = nl !== -1;
        if (!hasnl) return process.nextTick(getLine);
        var line = data.substr(0,nl);
        data = data.substr(nl+1);
        if (data[0] === "\n") data = data.substr(1);
        online(line,++lines);
        process.nextTick(getLine);
    }
    getLine();
}

I had the same problem and came up with above solution looks simular to others but is aSync and can read large files very quickly

Hopes this helps

Answer 20

Two questions we must ask ourselves while doing such operations are:

1. What's the amount of memory used to perform it?
2. Is the memory consumption increasing drastically with the file size?

Solutions like require('fs').readFileSync() loads the whole file into memory. That means that the amount of memory required to perform operations will be almost equivalent to the file size. We should avoid these for anything larger than 50mbs

We can easily track the amount of memory used by a function by placing these lines of code after the function invocation:

    const used = process.memoryUsage().heapUsed / 1024 / 1024;
    console.log(
      `The script uses approximately ${Math.round(used * 100) / 100} MB`
    );

Right now the best way to read particular lines from a large file is using node's readline . The documentation has an amazing examples .

Although we don't need any third-party module to do it. But, If you are writing an enterprise code, you have to handle lots of edge cases. I had to write a very lightweight module called Apick File Storage to handle all those edge cases.

Apick File Storage module: https://www.npmjs.com/package/apickfs Documentation: https://github.com/apickjs/apickFS#readme

Example file: https://1drv.ms/t/s!AtkMCsWInsSZiGptXYAFjalXOpUx

Example: Install module

npm i apickfs

// import module
const apickFileStorage = require('apickfs');

//invoke readByLineNumbers() method
apickFileStorage
  .readByLineNumbers(path.join(__dirname), 'big.txt', [163845])
  .then(d => {
    console.log(d);
  })
  .catch(e => {
    console.log(e);
  });

This method was successfully tested with up to 4 GB dense files.

big.text is a dense text file with 163,845 lines and is of 124 Mb. The script to read 10 different lines from this file uses approximately just 4.63 MB Memory only. And it parses valid JSON to Objects or Arrays for free. Awesome!!

We can read a single line of the file or hundreds of lines of the file with very little memory consumption.

Answer 21

I have a little module which does this well and is used by quite a few other projects npm readline Note thay in node v10 there is a native readline module so I republished my module as linebyline https://www.npmjs.com/package/linebyline

if you dont want to use the module the function is very simple:

var fs = require('fs'),
EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter,
util = require('util'),
newlines = [
  13, // \r
  10  // \n
];
var readLine = module.exports = function(file, opts) {
if (!(this instanceof readLine)) return new readLine(file);

EventEmitter.call(this);
opts = opts || {};
var self = this,
  line = [],
  lineCount = 0,
  emit = function(line, count) {
    self.emit('line', new Buffer(line).toString(), count);
  };
  this.input = fs.createReadStream(file);
  this.input.on('open', function(fd) {
    self.emit('open', fd);
  })
  .on('data', function(data) {
   for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
    if (0 <= newlines.indexOf(data[i])) { // Newline char was found.
      lineCount++;
      if (line.length) emit(line, lineCount);
      line = []; // Empty buffer.
     } else {
      line.push(data[i]); // Buffer new line data.
     }
   }
 }).on('error', function(err) {
   self.emit('error', err);
 }).on('end', function() {
  // Emit last line if anything left over since EOF won't trigger it.
  if (line.length){
     lineCount++;
     emit(line, lineCount);
  }
  self.emit('end');
 }).on('close', function() {
   self.emit('close');
 });
};
util.inherits(readLine, EventEmitter);

Answer 22

Another solution is to run logic via sequential executor nsynjs . It reads file line-by-line using node readline module, and it doesn't use promises or recursion, therefore not going to fail on large files. Here is how the code will looks like:

var nsynjs = require('nsynjs');
var textFile = require('./wrappers/nodeReadline').textFile; // this file is part of nsynjs

function process(textFile) {

    var fh = new textFile();
    fh.open('path/to/file');
    var s;
    while (typeof(s = fh.readLine(nsynjsCtx).data) != 'undefined')
        console.log(s);
    fh.close();
}

var ctx = nsynjs.run(process,{},textFile,function () {
    console.log('done');
});

Code above is based on this exampe: https://github.com/amaksr/nsynjs/blob/master/examples/node-readline/index.js

Answer 23

This is my favorite way of going through a file, a simple native solution for a progressive (as in not a "slurp" or all-in-memory way) file read with modern async/await . It's a solution that I find "natural" when processing large text files without having to resort to the readline package or any non-core dependency.

let buf = '';
for await ( const chunk of fs.createReadStream('myfile') ) {
    const lines = buf.concat(chunk).split(/\r?\n/);
    buf = lines.pop();
    for( const line of lines ) {
        console.log(line);
    }
}
if(buf.length) console.log(buf);  // last line, if file does not end with newline

You can adjust encoding in the fs.createReadStream or use chunk.toString(<arg>) . Also this let's you better fine-tune the line splitting to your taste, ie. use .split(/\n+/) to skip empty lines and control the chunk size with { highWaterMark: <chunkSize> } .

Don't forget to create a function like processLine(line) to avoid repeating the line processing code twice due to the ending buf leftover. Unfortunately, the ReadStream instance does not update its end-of-file flags in this setup, so there's no way, afaik, to detect within the loop that we're in the last iteration without some more verbose tricks like comparing the file size from a fs.Stats() with .bytesRead . Hence the final buf processing solution, unless you're absolutely sure your file ends with a newline \n , in which case the for await loop should suffice.

★ If you prefer the evented asynchronous version, this would be it:

let buf = '';
fs.createReadStream('myfile')
.on('data', chunk => {
    const lines = buf.concat(chunk).split(/\r?\n/);
    buf = lines.pop();
    for( const line of lines ) {
        console.log(line);
    }
})
.on('end', () => buf.length && console.log(buf) );

★ Now if you don't mind importing the stream core package, then this is the equivalent piped stream version, which allows for chaining transforms like gzip decompression:

const { Writable } = require('stream');
let buf = '';
fs.createReadStream('myfile').pipe(
    new Writable({
        write: (chunk, enc, next) => {
            const lines = buf.concat(chunk).split(/\r?\n/);
            buf = lines.pop();
            for (const line of lines) {
                console.log(line);
            }
            next();
        }
    })
).on('finish', () => buf.length && console.log(buf) );

Answer 24

i use this:

function emitLines(stream, re){
    re = re && /\n/;
    var buffer = '';

    stream.on('data', stream_data);
    stream.on('end', stream_end);

    function stream_data(data){
        buffer += data;
        flush();
    }//stream_data

    function stream_end(){
        if(buffer) stream.emmit('line', buffer);
    }//stream_end


    function flush(){
        var re = /\n/;
        var match;
        while(match = re.exec(buffer)){
            var index = match.index + match[0].length;
            stream.emit('line', buffer.substring(0, index));
            buffer = buffer.substring(index);
            re.lastIndex = 0;
        }
    }//flush

}//emitLines

use this function on a stream and listen to the line events that is will emit.

gr-

Answer 25

While you should probably use the readline module as the top answer suggests, readline appears to be oriented toward command line interfaces rather than line reading. It's also a little bit more opaque regarding buffering. (Anyone who needs a streaming line oriented reader probably will want to tweak buffer sizes). The readline module is ~1000 lines while this, with stats and tests, is 34.

const EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;
class LineReader extends EventEmitter{
    constructor(f, delim='\n'){
        super();
        this.totalChars = 0;
        this.totalLines = 0;
        this.leftover = '';

        f.on('data', (chunk)=>{
            this.totalChars += chunk.length;
            let lines = chunk.split(delim);
            if (lines.length === 1){
                this.leftover += chunk;
                return;
            }
            lines[0] = this.leftover + lines[0];
            this.leftover = lines[lines.length-1];
            if (this.leftover) lines.pop();
            this.totalLines += lines.length;
            for (let l of lines) this.onLine(l);
        });
        // f.on('error', ()=>{});
        f.on('end', ()=>{console.log('chars', this.totalChars, 'lines', this.totalLines)});
    }
    onLine(l){
        this.emit('line', l);
    }
}
//Command line test
const f = require('fs').createReadStream(process.argv[2], 'utf8');
const delim = process.argv[3];
const lineReader = new LineReader(f, delim);
lineReader.on('line', (line)=> console.log(line));

Here's an even shorter version, without the stats, at 19 lines:

class LineReader extends require('events').EventEmitter{
    constructor(f, delim='\n'){
        super();
        this.leftover = '';
        f.on('data', (chunk)=>{
            let lines = chunk.split(delim);
            if (lines.length === 1){
                this.leftover += chunk;
                return;
            }
            lines[0] = this.leftover + lines[0];
            this.leftover = lines[lines.length-1];
            if (this.leftover) 
                lines.pop();
            for (let l of lines)
                this.emit('line', l);
        });
    }
}

Answer 26

const fs = require("fs")

fs.readFile('./file', 'utf-8', (err, data) => {
var innerContent;
    console.log("Asynchronous read: " + data.toString());
    const lines = data.toString().split('\n')
    for (let line of lines)
        innerContent += line + '<br>';


});

Answer 27

I wrap the whole logic of daily line processing as a npm module: line-kit https://www.npmjs.com/package/line-kit

 // example var count = 0 require('line-kit')(require('fs').createReadStream('/etc/issue'), (line) => { count++; }, () => {console.log(`seen ${count} lines`)})

Answer 28

I use below code the read lines after verify that its not a directory and its not included in the list of files need not to be check.

(function () {
  var fs = require('fs');
  var glob = require('glob-fs')();
  var path = require('path');
  var result = 0;
  var exclude = ['LICENSE',
    path.join('e2e', 'util', 'db-ca', 'someother-file'),
    path.join('src', 'favicon.ico')];
  var files = [];
  files = glob.readdirSync('**');

  var allFiles = [];

  var patternString = [
    'trade',
    'order',
    'market',
    'securities'
  ];

  files.map((file) => {
    try {
      if (!fs.lstatSync(file).isDirectory() && exclude.indexOf(file) === -1) {
        fs.readFileSync(file).toString().split(/\r?\n/).forEach(function(line){
          patternString.map((pattern) => {
            if (line.indexOf(pattern) !== -1) {
              console.log(file + ' contain `' + pattern + '` in in line "' + line +'";');
              result = 1;
            }
          });
        });
      }
    } catch (e) {
      console.log('Error:', e.stack);
    }
  });
  process.exit(result);

})();

Answer 29

I have looked through all above answers, all of them use third-party library to solve it. It's have a simple solution in Node's API. eg

const fs= require('fs')

let stream = fs.createReadStream('<filename>', { autoClose: true })

stream.on('data', chunk => {
    let row = chunk.toString('ascii')
}))