Makefile C ++继承

Question

The following are the files involved and a short description:

arrayListType.h , arrayListTypeImp.cpp : declare and implement arrayListType class and its functions.

unorderedarrayListType.h unorderedArrayListTypeImp.cpp : inherit arrayListType class and declare unorderedarrayListType class and implement virtual functions of arrayListType class.

Ch13_Ex6.cpp : Instantiates an object of class unorderedArrayListType and runs some tests.

I am having a compilation error, which I think is due to the Makefile. The following is the error:

unorderedArrayListTypeImp.cpp:4: error: expected unqualified-id before 'using'
unorderedArrayListTypeImp.cpp: In member function 'virtual void unorderedArrayListType::insertAt(int, int)':
unorderedArrayListTypeImp.cpp:11: error: 'cout' was not declared in this scope
unorderedArrayListTypeImp.cpp:11: error: 'endl' was not declared in this scope
unorderedArrayListTypeImp.cpp:13: error: 'cout' was not declared in this scope

Line 4 has a using namespace std; command. The line before that is #include "arrayListType.h" . I have tried the following variations in the Makefile but neither worked:

Version 1

all: Ch13_Ex6

arrayListTypeImp.o: arrayListType.h arrayListTypeImp.cpp
    g++ -c -Wall arrayListType.h arrayListTypeImp.cpp

unorderedArrayListTypeImp.o: arrayListTypeImp.o unorderedArrayListType.h unorderedArrayListTypeImp.cpp
    g++ -c -Wall arrayListTypeImp.o unorderedArrayListType.h unorderedArrayListTypeImp.cpp

Ch13_Ex6.o: Ch13_Ex6.cpp
    g++ -c -Wall Ch13_Ex6.cpp

Ch13_Ex6: arrayListTypeImp.o unorderedArrayListTypeImp.o Ch13_Ex6.o
    g++ -Wall Ch13_Ex6.o arrayListTypeImp.o unorderedArrayListTypeImp.o -o Ch13_Ex6

Version 2:

all: Ch13_Ex6

arrayListTypeImp.o: arrayListType.h arrayListTypeImp.cpp
    g++ -c -Wall arrayListType.h arrayListTypeImp.cpp

unorderedArrayListTypeImp.o: unorderedArrayListType.h unorderedArrayListTypeImp.cpp
    g++ -c -Wall unorderedArrayListType.h unorderedArrayListTypeImp.cpp

Ch13_Ex6.o: Ch13_Ex6.cpp
    g++ -c -Wall Ch13_Ex6.cpp

Ch13_Ex6: arrayListTypeImp.o unorderedArrayListTypeImp.o Ch13_Ex6.o
    g++ -Wall Ch13_Ex6.o arrayListTypeImp.o unorderedArrayListTypeImp.o -o Ch13_Ex6

Both versions compile arrayListTypeImp.o and give the error shown above when compiling unorderedArrayListTypeImp.o . The following is the complete compile output:

make
g++ -c -Wall unorderedArrayListType.h unorderedArrayListTypeImp.cpp 
arrayListTypeImp.o
unorderedArrayListType.h:16: error: expected unqualified-id at end of input
unorderedArrayListTypeImp.cpp:4: error: expected unqualified-id before 'using'
unorderedArrayListTypeImp.cpp: In member function 'virtual void        unorderedArrayListType::insertAt(int, int)':
unorderedArrayListTypeImp.cpp:11: error: 'cout' was not declared in this scope
unorderedArrayListTypeImp.cpp:11: error: 'endl' was not declared in this scope
unorderedArrayListTypeImp.cpp:13: error: 'cout' was not declared in this scope
unorderedArrayListTypeImp.cpp:13: error: 'endl' was not declared in this scope

Code for arrayListType.h:

#ifndef H_arrayListType
#define H_arrayListType

class arrayListType
{
public:
    bool isEmpty() const;
    bool isFull() const;        
    int listSize() const;        
    int maxListSize() const;        
    void print() const;        
    bool isItemAtEqual(int location, int item) const;

    virtual void insertAt(int location, int insertItem) = 0;        
    virtual void insertEnd(int insertItem) = 0;

    void removeAt(int location);        
    int retrieveAt(int location) const;        
    virtual void replaceAt(int location, int repItem) = 0;

    void clearList();

    virtual int seqSearch(int searchItem) const = 0;

    virtual void remove(int removeItem) = 0;

    arrayListType(int size = 100);        
    arrayListType(const arrayListType& otherList);        
    virtual ~arrayListType();

protected:
    int *list;
    int length;
    int maxSize;
};

#endif

Code for unorderArrayListTypeImp.cpp:

#include <iostream>
#include "unorderedArrayListType.h"

using namespace std;

void unorderedArrayListType::insertAt(int location, 
                                  int insertItem)
{
    if (location < 0 || location >= maxSize)
        cout << "The position of the item to be inserted "
             << "is out of range." << endl;
    else if (length >= maxSize)  //list is full
        cout << "Cannot insert in a full list" << endl;
    else
    {
        for (int i = length; i > location; i--)
            list[i] = list[i - 1];  //move the elements down

        list[location] = insertItem; //insert the item at 
                                     //the specified position

        length++;   //increment the length
    }
} //end insertAt

void unorderedArrayListType::insertEnd(int insertItem)
{
    if (length >= maxSize)  //the list is full
        cout << "Cannot insert in a full list." << endl;
    else
    {
        list[length] = insertItem; //insert the item at the end
        length++; //increment the length
    }
} //end insertEnd

// More virtual functions implemented and finally a constructor

unorderedArrayListType::unorderedArrayListType(int size)
                       : arrayListType(size)
{
}  //end constructor

Answer 1

I am guessing that the error is in unorderedArrayListType.h , you likely have a missing semicolon or something. Looking in the Makefile will do nothing to solve that error.

EDIT: Woah, there actually is something wrong with your Makefile! Heh, I just looked at it and you have the following:

g++ -c -Wall arrayListType.h arrayListTypeImp.cpp

Don't pass .h files to g++!, only the .cpp files. So write it like this:

g++ -c -Wall arrayListTypeImp.cpp

Likewise:

g++ -c -Wall unorderedArrayListType.h unorderedArrayListTypeImp.cpp

should be:

g++ -c -Wall unorderedArrayListTypeImp.cpp

Answer 2

You did not #include <iostream> in arrayListType.h, but did it in arrayListType.cpp, before you #include "arrayListType.h" there. You need to place #include <iostream> into arrayListType.h before you use std::cout or std::endl.

To avoid such mistakes it is good to place the interface header as the first #include statement int the implementation file.

Answer 3

Evan Teran is probably right. expected unqualified-id before '...' usually means you missed a semicolon before that line. If it turns out it really is your makefile, here's some general makefile advice:

1. Use variables. Instead of

    g++ -c -Wall ... 

   you can do

    CXX_OPTS= -Wall -O3 ... g++ -c $(CXX_OPTS) ... 

2. Use pattern rules. Rather than

    arrayListTypeImp.o: arrayListType.h arrayListTypeImp.cpp g++ -c -Wall arrayListType.h arrayListTypeImp.cpp unorderedArrayListTypeImp.o: unorderedArrayListType.h unorderedArrayListTypeImp.cpp g++ -c -Wall unorderedArrayListType.h unorderedArrayListTypeImp.cpp Ch13_Ex6.o: Ch13_Ex6.cpp g++ -c -Wall Ch13_Ex6.cpp 

   you can use

    %.o:%.cpp g++ $(CXX_OPTS) -c $< -o $@ 

This should shorten your makefile and make it easier to debug and find your problem. If you want more information, check this out.