如果哈希表中的键是一个类对象，那么containsKey是如何工作的？

Question

When we put a class Object (that has say three data members) in a hashtable, how can I prevent putting another entry into the hash table whose key has the same three data members ? Cos I am guessing this will be a new object. So hashtable.containsKey() will return false even when there is a key (this class object) that has the very same data members as the one that is waiting to be inserted.

More clearly: I have a class like

class Triplet {
private Curr curr;
private Prev prev;
private Next next;
}

I have a hashtable structure like:

Hashtable<Triplet, Integer> table = new Hashtable<Triplet, Integer>();

When I do:

if(!table.containsKey(triplet_to_inserted))
table.put(triplet, new Integer(0));

will this insert a duplicate even if the table contains a triplet that already has the same data members ? That is: triplet_to_be_inserted.curr, triplet_to_be_inserted.next and triplet_to_be_inserted.prev If yes, how to prevent this ?

Also, for any entry to be inserted, will containsKey() ever return true at all ? How to work around this problem ?

Thanks.

Answer 1

All classes that have instances used as keys in a hash-like data structure must correctly implement the equals and hashCode methods. Brian Goetz has a great article on this from a while back.

Without knowing the structure of Curr , Prev and Next and exact example is difficult, but assuming they are not null and have sensible hashCode implementations, you could do something like this:

public boolean equals(Object obj) {
    if (!(obj instanceof Triplet)) {
        return false;
    } else {
        Triplet that = (Triplet)obj;
        return this.curr.equals(that.curr) &&
            this.next.equals(that.next) &&
            this.prev.equals(that.prev);
    }
}

public int hashCode() {
    int hash = this.curr.hashCode();
    hash = hash * 31 + this.next.hashCode();
    hash = hash * 31 + this.prev.hashCode();
    return hash;
}

Answer 2

The easiest way is to use Eclipse's generate hashCode() and equals(). You can select which members should be taken into account for the hashCode and equals calculation, so in case you have some transient members (you don't) you can only use those which are relevant.

And similiarly (and recursively) for Curr, Prev and Next...

Answer 3

From java documentation:

To successfully store and retrieve objects from a hashtable, the objects used as keys must implement the hashCode method and the equals method.