XSLT：如何将 XML 节点转换为字符串

Question

<ROOT>
   <A>
      <B>TESTING</B>
   </A>
</ROOT>

XSL:

<xsl:variable name="nodestring" select="//A"/>
<xsl:value-of select="$nodestring"/>

I am trying to convert XML nodeset to string using XSL. Any thoughts?

Answer 1

You need to serialize the nodes. The most simple for your example would be something like

<xsl:template match="ROOT">
  <xsl:variable name="nodestring">
    <xsl:apply-templates select="//A" mode="serialize"/>
  </xsl:variable>
  <xsl:value-of select="$nodestring"/>  
</xsl:template>

<xsl:template match="*" mode="serialize">
  <xsl:text>&lt;</xsl:text>
  <xsl:value-of select="name()"/>
  <xsl:text>&gt;</xsl:text>
  <xsl:apply-templates mode="serialize"/>
  <xsl:text>&lt;/</xsl:text>
  <xsl:value-of select="name()"/>
  <xsl:text>&gt;</xsl:text>
</xsl:template>

<xsl:template match="text()" mode="serialize">
  <xsl:value-of select="."/>
</xsl:template>

The above serializer templates do not handle eg attributes, namespaces, or reserved characters in text nodes, but the concept should be clear. XSLT process works on a node tree and if you need to have access to "tags", you need to serialize the nodes.

Answer 2

Based on @jelovirt solution, here is a more complete piece of code:

<xsl:template match="*" mode="serialize">
    <xsl:text>&lt;</xsl:text>
    <xsl:value-of select="name()"/>
    <xsl:apply-templates select="@*" mode="serialize" />
    <xsl:choose>
        <xsl:when test="node()">
            <xsl:text>&gt;</xsl:text>
            <xsl:apply-templates mode="serialize" />
            <xsl:text>&lt;/</xsl:text>
            <xsl:value-of select="name()"/>
            <xsl:text>&gt;</xsl:text>
        </xsl:when>
        <xsl:otherwise>
            <xsl:text> /&gt;</xsl:text>
        </xsl:otherwise>
    </xsl:choose>
</xsl:template>

<xsl:template match="@*" mode="serialize">
    <xsl:text> </xsl:text>
    <xsl:value-of select="name()"/>
    <xsl:text>="</xsl:text>
    <xsl:value-of select="."/>
    <xsl:text>"</xsl:text>
</xsl:template>

<xsl:template match="text()" mode="serialize">
    <xsl:value-of select="."/>
</xsl:template>

Answer 3

In XSLT Version 3.0. See this W3 link for fn:serialize . This worked for me using SaxonPE.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="3.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:output="http://www.w3.org/2010/xslt-xquery-serialization">
<xsl:variable name="output">
    <output:serialization-parameters>
        <output:method value="html"/>
    </output:serialization-parameters>
</xsl:variable>
    <xsl:template match="div">
        <xsl:value-of select="serialize(., $output/output:serialization-parameters)" />
    </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

Answer 4

<xsl:template name="serializeNodeToString">
    <xsl:param name="node"/>
    <xsl:variable name="name" select="name($node)"/>
    <xsl:if test="$name">
        <xsl:value-of select="concat('&lt;',$name)"/>
        <xsl:for-each select="$node/@*">
            <xsl:value-of select="concat(' ',name(),'=&quot;',.,'&quot; ')"/>
        </xsl:for-each>
        <xsl:value-of select="concat('&gt;',./text())"/>
    </xsl:if>
    <xsl:for-each select="$node/*">
        <xsl:call-template name="serializeNodeToString">
            <xsl:with-param name="node" select="."/>
        </xsl:call-template>
    </xsl:for-each>
    <xsl:if test="$name">
        <xsl:value-of select="concat('&lt;/',$name,'&gt;')"/>
    </xsl:if>
</xsl:template>

Answer 5

Saxon required for following solution. I find it here

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="2.0" xmlns:saxon="http://saxon.sf.net/"
xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">

<!-- To serialize with saxon:serialize() -->
<xsl:output name="default" indent="yes"
    omit-xml-declaration="yes" />

<xsl:template match="*">
    <xsl:variable name="node-set">
        <xsl:element name="level1">
            <xsl:element name="level2" />
            <xsl:element name="level2" />
        </xsl:element>
    </xsl:variable>

    <xsl:element name="input">
        <xsl:copy-of select="$node-set" />
    </xsl:element>

    <xsl:element name="output">
        <xsl:value-of select="saxon:serialize($node-set, 'default')" />
    </xsl:element>
</xsl:template>

</xsl:stylesheet>

Answer 6

My solution:

<xsl:template name="serializeNodeToString">
    <xsl:param name="node" />
    <xsl:variable name="name" select="name($node)" />

    <xsl:text>&lt;</xsl:text>
    <xsl:value-of select="$name" />
    <xsl:for-each select="$node/@*">
        <xsl:text> </xsl:text>
        <xsl:value-of select="name()" /><xsl:text>=&quot;</xsl:text>
            <xsl:value-of select="." /> 
        <xsl:text>&quot;</xsl:text>
        <xsl:text> </xsl:text>
    </xsl:for-each>
    <xsl:text>&gt;</xsl:text>
    <xsl:value-of select="./text()" />
    <xsl:for-each select="$node/*">
        <xsl:call-template name="serializeNodeToString">
            <xsl:with-param name="node" select="."/>
        </xsl:call-template>
    </xsl:for-each>

    <xsl:text>&lt;/</xsl:text>
    <xsl:value-of select="$name" />
    <xsl:text>&gt;</xsl:text>
</xsl:template>

Answer 7

<xsl:template match="A">
  <xsl:variable name="nodes" select="." />
  <xsl:copy-of select="$nodes"/>
</xsl:template>

---

Updated based on comments..

OK I've never done exactly what you need before, so take this with that grain of salt (I'm winging it). Basically you need to be very concerned about 2 things: characters that require escaping and white space. In this case, the string that empo gave you in the comments above is more what you're after. Below is one way that you can make your XSL output that:

<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">

<xsl:template match="A">

  <input type="hidden" name="hiddenxml">
    <xsl:attribute name="value">
      <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="id" />
    </xsl:attribute>
  </input>

</xsl:template>

<xsl:template match="*" mode="id" >
  <xsl:text>&lt;</xsl:text><xsl:value-of select="name(.)" /><xsl:text>&gt;</xsl:text>
  <xsl:apply-templates select="./*" mode="id" />
  <xsl:value-of select="normalize-space(.)" />
  <xsl:text>&lt;/</xsl:text><xsl:value-of select="name(.)" /><xsl:text>&gt;</xsl:text>
</xsl:template>

</xsl:stylesheet>

You still need to be concerned with other characters that require escaping like " ' & I believe you can use translate or replace for those

Answer 8

About "convert Node to String"

With XSLT 1.0, you can use the XPath1.0 string() function of the Core Function Library, that converts a node to a string:

<xsl:template match="A">
  <xsl:variable name="nodeAsStr" select="string(.)" />
  <xsl:copy-of select="$nodeAsStr"/><!-- or value-of -->
</xsl:template>

See "Function: string string(object)" at section 4.3 .

About "convert Node to XML pretty-printer"

It this another question, about "XML pretty-printer" or "XML dump"... See good answers here.

Answer 9

My solution is for Saxon HE, and have this advantages:

• it doesn't require licensing
• supports namespaces, CDATA, escaping of special characters and many advanced XML features.

I've tried successfully with Saxon HE 9.5.X.

It is about registering a custom extension function with these contents:

import java.io.StringWriter;   
import net.sf.saxon.expr.XPathContext;
import net.sf.saxon.lib.ExtensionFunctionCall;
import net.sf.saxon.lib.ExtensionFunctionDefinition;
import net.sf.saxon.om.Sequence;
import net.sf.saxon.om.StructuredQName;
import net.sf.saxon.s9api.Processor;
import net.sf.saxon.s9api.SaxonApiException;
import net.sf.saxon.s9api.Serializer;
import net.sf.saxon.s9api.XdmValue;
import net.sf.saxon.trans.XPathException;
import net.sf.saxon.value.SequenceType;
import net.sf.saxon.value.StringValue;

@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class XmlSerializer extends ExtensionFunctionDefinition {
    @Override
    public StructuredQName getFunctionQName() {
        return new StructuredQName("vis", "my.custom.uri", "serialize-xml");
    }

    @Override
    public SequenceType[] getArgumentTypes() {
        return new SequenceType[] { SequenceType.SINGLE_NODE };
    }

    @Override
    public SequenceType getResultType(SequenceType[] sequenceTypes) {
        return SequenceType.SINGLE_STRING;
    }

    @Override
    public ExtensionFunctionCall makeCallExpression() {
        return new ExtensionFunctionCall() {
            @Override
            public Sequence call(XPathContext ctx, Sequence[] secs) throws XPathException {
                StringWriter escr = new StringWriter();
                try {
                    if (secs.length == 0) {
                        throw new XPathException("Missing argument");
                    } else {
                        Serializer serializer = new Processor(ctx.getConfiguration()).newSerializer(escr);
                        serializador.setOutputProperty(Serializer.Property.OMIT_XML_DECLARATION, "yes");
                        serializer.serializeXdmValue(XdmValue.wrap(secs[0]));
                    }
                    return new StringValue(escr.toString());
                } catch (SaxonApiException ex) {
                    throw new XPathException("Error when invoking serialize-xml()", ex);
                }
            }
        };
    }
}

You can use this function as follows:

<xs:value-of xmlns:vis="my.custom.uri" select="vis:serialize-xml(someNode)"/>

The inverse process is documented here .

Answer 10

Search for "XML pretty-printer". Or just have a look at the XSLT code of my XPath Visualizer (though it produces XML representation to be displayed in a browser, but you'll get the idea).

Answer 11

All solutions miss text after node and attributes in single quotes. Example

<b f1='"' f2="'">one</b>
,
<b>two</b>

My solution based on @Ilya-Kharlamov

<xsl:template name="f_serialize_node_to_string" xmlns:exsl="http://exslt.org/common" extension-element-prefixes="exsl">
    <xsl:param name="node"/>

    <xsl:variable name="node_" select="exsl:node-set($node)"/>

    <xsl:variable name="name" select="name($node_)"/>
    <xsl:variable name="q">'</xsl:variable>
    <xsl:variable name="qq">"</xsl:variable>

    <xsl:if test="$name">
        <xsl:value-of select="concat('&lt;',$name)"/>
        <xsl:for-each select="$node_/@*">
            <xsl:choose>
              <xsl:when test="contains(., $qq)">
                    <xsl:value-of select="concat(' ',name(),'=',$q,.,$q,' ')"/>
                </xsl:when>
              <xsl:otherwise>
                    <xsl:value-of select="concat(' ',name(),'=&quot;',.,'&quot; ')"/>
                </xsl:otherwise>
            </xsl:choose>
        </xsl:for-each>
        <xsl:value-of select="concat('&gt;', ./text())"/>
    </xsl:if>
    <xsl:for-each select="$node_/*">
        <xsl:call-template name="f_serialize_node_to_string">
            <xsl:with-param name="node" select="."/>
        </xsl:call-template>
    </xsl:for-each>
    <xsl:if test="$name">
        <xsl:value-of select="concat('&lt;/',$name,'&gt;')"/>
    </xsl:if>
    <xsl:if test="$node_/following-sibling::text()">
        <xsl:value-of select="$node_/following-sibling::text()" />
    </xsl:if>
</xsl:template>