可空类型在 C# 中如何工作？

Question

What is the behind-the-scenes difference between 'int?' and 'int'? Is 'int?' a somehow a reference type?

Answer 1

? wraps the value type (T) in a Nullable<T> struct:

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/b3h38hb0.aspx

Answer 2

In addition to "int?" being a shortcut for "Nullable", there was also infrastructure put into the CLR in order to implicitly and silently convert between "int?" and "int". This also means that any boxing operation will implicitly box the actual value (ie, it's impossible to box Nullable as Nullable, it always results in either the boxed value of T or a null object).

I ran into many of these issues when trying to create Nullable when you don't know T at compile time (you only know it at runtime). http://bradwilson.typepad.com/blog/2008/07/creating-nullab.html

Answer 3

For one of the better "behind the scenes" discussions about Nullable types you should look at CLR Via C# by Jeffrey Richter.

The whole of Chapter 18 is devoted to discussing in detail Nullable types. This book is also excellent for many other areas of the .NET CLR internals.

Answer 4

I learned that you must explicitly cast a nullable value type to a none-nullable value type, as the following example shows:

int? n = null;

//int m1 = n;    // Doesn't compile
int n2 = (int)n; // Compiles, but throws an exception if n is null

MS Document