Python如何列出已导入到类中的所有方法/类

Question

How to list all methods/classes that have been imported into a class. Take an example

from module1 import method1
from module2 import method2

class foo(object):
   def say_foo(self):
      method1()
   def talk(self):
      method2()

is it possible to list all methods used in the foo class? i know inspect.getmembers(foo) will list talk and say_foo , how do i list method1 and method2 ?

Answer 1

To be brutally honest, your question doesn't make a whole lot of sense, and here is why:

At the point when foo is defined, no connection is made between the two globals called by say_foo and talk and the two functions imported at the top of your code.

For example, the interpreter will not complain about the following:

class foo(object):
   def say_foo(self):
      method1()
   def talk(self):
      method2()

Despite the absence of imports, this is still valid code. You won't of course be able to call say_foo and talk without getting a NameError .

The following is also fine:

from module1 import method1
from module2 import method2

class foo(object):
   def say_foo(self):
      method1()
   def talk(self):
      method2()

obj1 = foo()
obj1.say_foo()

def method1(): pass

obj1.say_foo()
obj2 = foo()
obj2.say_foo()

I leave to you to figure out which method1 gets invoked when.

Now, having said all that, there is something you can do. If you examine the method object's co_names , that'll give you the list of names that are used by the method :

In [30]: foo.say_foo.im_func.func_code.co_names
Out[30]: ('method1',)

In [31]: foo.talk.im_func.func_code.co_names
Out[31]: ('method2',)

This clearly isn't exactly the same as what you're asking , and may or may not be useful depending on what you intend to do with this.

It is also almost certainly CPython-specific.

Answer 2

use ast module to analyze you code:

code = """
from module1 import method1
from module2 import method2

class foo(object):
   def say_foo(self):
      method1()
   def talk(self):
      method2()
"""

import ast, _ast

t = ast.parse(code)
for node in ast.walk(t):
    if isinstance(node, ast.ClassDef) and node.name == "foo":
        klass = node
        break

for node in ast.walk(klass):
    if isinstance(node, _ast.Call):
        print node.func.id

the output is :

method1
method2

Answer 3

What? method1 and method2 haven't been "imported into" the foo class. They're imported in the module, so dir(foomodule) will show them. But there's simply no reference from foo to method1 .