从回调中调用 javascript 对象方法

Question

I define the following MyClass and its methods in a user script:

function MyClass() {
    this.myCallback = function() {
        alert("MyClass.myCallback()");
    };

    this.startRequest = function() {
        GM_xmlhttpRequest({
            'method': 'GET',
            'url': "http://www.google.com/",
            'onload': function (xhr) {
                myClassInstance.myCallback();
            }
        });
    };
}

var myClassInstance = new MyClass();
myClassInstance.startRequest();

This script works and the myCallback() method gets called once the GM_xmlhttpRequest completes.

However, it only works because the onload callback is referring to the global variable myClassInstance . If I update the onload callback to:

'onload': function (xhr) {
    this.myCallback();
}

Then I get the (Chrome) error:

Uncaught TypeError: Object [object DOMWindow] has no method 'myCallback'.

It seems this is being evaluated in the wrong context.

Is there a way to invoke the myCallback() method of myClassInstance without having to resort to using a global variable?

Answer 1

Save the correct this , when it is in scope, into a variable. Then you can reference it later:

 this.startRequest = function() {
     var myself = this;
     GM_xmlhttpRequest({
         'method': 'GET',
         'url': "http://www.google.com/",
         'onload': function (xhr) {
             myself.myCallback();
         }
     });
 };

Answer 2

The simplest solution, as already was pointed out, is creating an alias for the this that stays in scope. The most popular variable names for the alias are things like self or that , but anything works, really.

The other alternative (that might or might not be better, depending on the use case) is binding the method into a "plain" function and using that instead:

var f = this.callback.bind(this);

...
'onload': function(){
    f();
}

bind is not supported on old browsers, but you can find alternatives in many JS frameworks. The example I gave doesn't look that good, but it can be very convenient when you want to pass your method directly as a callback function (you might also get partial function application as well and that is very neat)

Answer 3

Store a reference to the instance and use it:

function MyClass() {
    this.myCallback = function() {
        alert("MyClass.myCallback()");
    };

    var instance = this;

    instance.startRequest = function() {
        GM_xmlhttpRequest({
            'method': 'GET',
            'url': "http://www.google.com/",
            'onload': function (xhr) {
                instance.myCallback();
            }
        });
    };
}