MySql查询速度很慢

Question

I run the following query on my database :

SELECT e.id_dernier_fichier
FROM Enfants e JOIN FichiersEnfants f
ON e.id_dernier_fichier = f.id_fichier_enfant

And the query runs fine. If I modifiy the query like this :

SELECT e.codega
FROM Enfants e JOIN FichiersEnfants f
ON e.id_dernier_fichier = f.id_fichier_enfant

The query becomes very slow ! The problem is I want to select many columns in table e and f, and the query can take up to 1 minute ! I tried different modifications but nothing works. I have indexes on id_* also on e.codega. Enfants has 9000 lines and FichiersEnfants has 20000 lines. Any suggestions ?

Here are the info asked (sorry not having shown them from the beginning) :

Answer 1

The difference in performance is possibly due to e.id_dernier_fichier being in the index used for the JOIN, but e.codega not being in that index.

Without a full definition of both tables, and all of their indexes, it's not possible to tell for certain. Also, including the two EXPLAIN PLANs for the two queries would help.

For now, however, I can elaborate on a couple of things...

If an INDEX is CLUSTERED (this also applies to PRIMARY KEYs), the data is actually physically stored in the order of the INDEX. This means that knowing you want position x in the INDEX also implicity means you want position x in the TABLE.

If the INDEX is not clustered, however, the INDEX is just providing a lookup for you. Effectively saying position x in the INDEX corresponds to position y in the TABLE.

The importance here is when accessing fields not specified in the INDEX. Doing so means you have to actually go to the TABLE to get the data. In the case of a CLUSTERED INDEX, you're already there, the overhead of finding that field is pretty low. If the INDEX isn't clustered, however, you effectifvely have to JOIN the TABLE to the INDEX, then find the field you're interested in.

Note; Having a composite index on (id_dernier_fichier, codega) is very different from having one index on just (id_dernier_fichier) and a seperate index on just (codega) .

In the case of your query, I don't think you need to change the code at all. But you may benefit from changing the indexes.

You mention that you want to access many fields. Putting all those fields in a composite index is porbably not the best solution. Instead you may want to create a CLUSTERED INDEX on (id_dernier_fichier) . This will mean that once the *id_dernier_fichier* has been located, you're already in the right place to get all the other fields as well.

EDIT Note About MySQL and CLUSTERED INDEXes

13.2.10.1. Clustered and Secondary Indexes

Every InnoDB table has a special index called the clustered index where the data for the rows is stored:

• If you define a PRIMARY KEY on your table, InnoDB uses it as the clustered index.
• If you do not define a PRIMARY KEY for your table, MySQL picks the first UNIQUE index that has only NOT NULL columns as the primary key and InnoDB uses it as the clustered index.
• If the table has no PRIMARY KEY or suitable UNIQUE index, InnoDB internally generates a hidden clustered index on a synthetic column containing row ID values. The rows are ordered by the ID that InnoDB assigns to the rows in such a table. The row ID is a 6-byte field that increases monotonically as new rows are inserted. Thus, the rows ordered by the row ID are physically in insertion order.