如何在 Python 3 中实现切片？

Question

I read something about slice in Python 3. Then I wrote a program, tried to implement __getitem__(self, slice(s)) . Code goes below:

class NewList:
    def __init__(self, lst):
        print('new list')
        self._list = lst
    def __getitem__(self, x):
        if type(x) is slice:
            return [ self._list[n] for n in range(x.start, x.stop, x.step) ]  #error?
        else:
            return self._list[x]
    ...

nl1 = NewList([1,2,3,4,5])
nl1[1:3]  #error occurs

Then I found out x.step is None , which made range raise an exception. So, how should I implement the __getitem__ method?

Answer 1

In the case where you don't know the length of your object there is an obvious trick to circumvent this mandatory parameter. For example an infinite sequence's getitem can look like this:

  def __getitem__( self, key ) :
    if isinstance( key, slice ) :
       m = max(key.start, key.stop)
       return [self[ii] for ii in xrange(*key.indices(m+1))]
    elif isinstance( key, int ) :
       #Handle int indices

It will only fail if you don't give start and stop but with checking for None this could be handled too.

Answer 2

If x is a slice, you can do the same as the other condition:

return self._list[x]

Answer 3

You need to use the slice.indices method. Given the length of your sequence, it returns a tuple of start, stop, step:

>>> s = slice(2, 5, None)
>>> s.indices(10)
(2, 5, 1)

>>> [x for x in range(*s.indices(10))]
[2, 3, 4]

>>> s.indices(3)
(2, 3, 1)

>>> s.indices(0)
(0, 0, 1)

Answer 4

how about x.step or 1 ?

class NewList:
    def __init__(self, lst):
        print('new list')
        self._list = lst
    def __getitem__(self, x):
        if type(x) is slice:
            return [ self._list[n] for n in range(x.start, x.stop, x.step or 1) ]  #error?
        else:
            return self._list[x]

nl1 = NewList([1,2,3,4,5])
nl1[1:3]