将 pip 包安装到 $HOME 文件夹

Question

Is it possible? When installing pip , install the python packages inside my $HOME folder. (for example, I want to install mercurial , using pip , but inside $HOME instead of /usr/local )

I'm with a mac machine and just thought about this possibility, instead of "polluting" my /usr/local , I would use my $HOME instead.

PEP370 is exactly about this. Is just creating a ˜/.local and do a pip install package enough to make these packages to be installed only at my $HOME folder?

Answer 1

While you can use a virtualenv , you don't need to. The trick is passing the PEP370 --user argument to the setup.py script. With the latest version of pip , one way to do it is:

pip install --user mercurial

This should result in the hg script being installed in $HOME/.local/bin/hg and the rest of the hg package in $HOME/.local/lib/pythonx.y/site-packages/ .

Note, that the above is true for Python 2.6. There has been a bit of controversy among the Python core developers about what is the appropriate directory location on Mac OS X for PEP370-style user installations. In Python 2.7 and 3.2, the location on Mac OS X was changed from $HOME/.local to $HOME/Library/Python . This might change in a future release. But, for now, on 2.7 (and 3.2, if hg were supported on Python 3), the above locations will be $HOME/Library/Python/xy/bin/hg and $HOME/Library/Python/xy/lib/python/site-packages .

Answer 2

I would use virtualenv at your HOME directory.

$ sudo easy_install -U virtualenv
$ cd ~
$ virtualenv .
$ bin/pip ...

You could then also alter ~/.(login|profile|bash_profile) , whichever is right for your shell to add ~/bin to your PATH and then that pip|python|easy_install would be the one used by default.

Answer 3

You can specify the -t option ( --target ) to specify the destination directory. See pip install --help for detailed information. This is the command you need:

pip install -t path_to_your_home package-name

for example, for installing say mxnet, in my $HOME directory, I type:

pip install -t /home/foivos/ mxnet

Answer 4

Short answer to your two questions grabbed from the other answers

One

Yes

it is possible installing pip packages to $HOME instead of /usr/local/lib/ , but

Two

mkdir ˜/.local # then
pip install package 

is not enough.

You need

pip install package --user

and the packages get installed to

/home/user/.local/lib/python3.x/site-packages