使用 Ruby On Rails 的多个用户模型，并设计为具有单独的注册路径但有一个通用的登录路径

Question

First, I've searched intensely with Google and Yahoo and I've found several replies on topics like mine, but they all don't really cover what I need to know.

I've got several user models in my app, for now it's Customers, Designers, Retailers and it seems there are yet more to come. They all have different data stored in their tables and several areas on the site they're allowed to or not. So I figured to go the devise+CanCan way and to try my luck with polymorphic associations, so I got the following models setup:

class User < AR
  belongs_to :loginable, :polymorphic => true
end

class Customer < AR
  has_one :user, :as => :loginable
end

class Designer < AR
  has_one :user, :as => :loginable
end

class Retailer < AR
  has_one :user, :as => :loginable
end

For the registration I've got customized views for each different User type and my routes are setup like this:

devise_for :customers, :class_name => 'User'
devise_for :designers, :class_name => 'User'
devise_for :retailers, :class_name => 'User'

For now the registrations controller is left as standard (which is "devise/registrations"), but I figured, since I got different data to store in different models I'd have to customize this behaviour as well!?

But with this setup I got helpers like customer_signed_in? and designer_signed_in? , but what I'd really need is a general helper like user_signed_in? for the areas on the site that are accessible to all users, no matter which user type.

I'd also like a routes helper like new_user_session_path instead of the several new_*type*_session_path and so on. In fact all I need to be different is the registration process...

So I was wondering IF THIS IS THE WAY TO GO for this problem? Or is there a better/easier/less must-customize solution for this?

Answer 1

Okay, so I worked it through and came to the following solution.
I needed to costumize devise a little bit, but it's not that complicated.

The User model

# user.rb
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
  devise :database_authenticatable, :registerable,
         :recoverable, :rememberable, :trackable, :validatable

  attr_accessible :email, :password, :password_confirmation, :remember_me

  belongs_to :rolable, :polymorphic => true
end

The Customer model

# customer.rb
class Customer < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_one :user, :as => :rolable
end

The Designer model

# designer.rb
class Designer < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_one :user, :as => :rolable
end

So the User model has a simple polymorphic association, defining if it's a Customer or a Designer.
The next thing I had to do was to generate the devise views with rails g devise:views to be part of my application. Since I only needed the registration to be customized I kept the app/views/devise/registrations folder only and removed the rest.

Then I customized the registrations view for new registrations, which can be found in app/views/devise/registrations/new.html.erb after you generated them.

<h2>Sign up</h2>

<%
  # customized code begin

  params[:user][:user_type] ||= 'customer'

  if ["customer", "designer"].include? params[:user][:user_type].downcase
    child_class_name = params[:user][:user_type].downcase.camelize
    user_type = params[:user][:user_type].downcase
  else
    child_class_name = "Customer"
    user_type = "customer"
  end

  resource.rolable = child_class_name.constantize.new if resource.rolable.nil?

  # customized code end
%>

<%= form_for(resource, :as => resource_name, :url => registration_path(resource_name)) do |f| %>
  <%= my_devise_error_messages!    # customized code %>

  <div><%= f.label :email %><br />
  <%= f.email_field :email %></div>

  <div><%= f.label :password %><br />
  <%= f.password_field :password %></div>

  <div><%= f.label :password_confirmation %><br />
  <%= f.password_field :password_confirmation %></div>

  <% # customized code begin %>
  <%= fields_for resource.rolable do |rf| %>
    <% render :partial => "#{child_class_name.underscore}_fields", :locals => { :f => rf } %>
  <% end %>

  <%= hidden_field :user, :user_type, :value => user_type %>
  <% # customized code end %>

  <div><%= f.submit "Sign up" %></div>
<% end %>

<%= render :partial => "devise/shared/links" %>

For each User type I created a separate partial with the custom fields for that specific User type, ie Designer --> _designer_fields.html

<div><%= f.label :label_name %><br />
<%= f.text_field :label_name %></div>

Then I setup the routes for devise to use the custom controller on registrations

devise_for :users, :controllers => { :registrations => 'UserRegistrations' }

Then I generated a controller to handle the customized registration process, copied the original source code from the create method in the Devise::RegistrationsController and modified it to work my way (don't forget to move your view files to the appropriate folder, in my case app/views/user_registrations

class UserRegistrationsController < Devise::RegistrationsController
  def create
    build_resource

    # customized code begin

    # crate a new child instance depending on the given user type
    child_class = params[:user][:user_type].camelize.constantize
    resource.rolable = child_class.new(params[child_class.to_s.underscore.to_sym])

    # first check if child instance is valid
    # cause if so and the parent instance is valid as well
    # it's all being saved at once
    valid = resource.valid?
    valid = resource.rolable.valid? && valid

    # customized code end

    if valid && resource.save    # customized code
      if resource.active_for_authentication?
        set_flash_message :notice, :signed_up if is_navigational_format?
        sign_in(resource_name, resource)
        respond_with resource, :location => redirect_location(resource_name, resource)
      else
        set_flash_message :notice, :inactive_signed_up, :reason => inactive_reason(resource) if is_navigational_format?
        expire_session_data_after_sign_in!
        respond_with resource, :location => after_inactive_sign_up_path_for(resource)
      end
    else
      clean_up_passwords(resource)
      respond_with_navigational(resource) { render_with_scope :new }
    end
  end
end

What this all basically does is that the controller determines which user type must be created according to the user_type parameter that's delivered to the controller's create method by the hidden field in the view which uses the parameter by a simple GET-param in the URL.

For example:
If you go to /users/sign_up?user[user_type]=designer you can create a Designer.
If you go to /users/sign_up?user[user_type]=customer you can create a Customer.

The my_devise_error_messages! method is a helper method which also handles validation errors in the associative model, based on the original devise_error_messages! method

module ApplicationHelper
  def my_devise_error_messages!
    return "" if resource.errors.empty? && resource.rolable.errors.empty?

    messages = rolable_messages = ""

    if !resource.errors.empty?
      messages = resource.errors.full_messages.map { |msg| content_tag(:li, msg) }.join
    end

    if !resource.rolable.errors.empty?
      rolable_messages = resource.rolable.errors.full_messages.map { |msg| content_tag(:li, msg) }.join
    end

    messages = messages + rolable_messages   
    sentence = I18n.t("errors.messages.not_saved",
                      :count => resource.errors.count + resource.rolable.errors.count,
                      :resource => resource.class.model_name.human.downcase)

    html = <<-HTML
    <div id="error_explanation">
    <h2>#{sentence}</h2>
    <ul>#{messages}</ul>
    </div>
    HTML

    html.html_safe
  end
end

UPDATE:

To be able to support routes like /designer/sign_up and /customer/sign_up you can do the following in your routes file:

# routes.rb
match 'designer/sign_up' => 'user_registrations#new', :user => { :user_type => 'designer' }
match 'customer/sign_up' => 'user_registrations#new', :user => { :user_type => 'customer' }

Any parameter that's not used in the routes syntax internally gets passed to the params hash. So :user gets passed to the params hash.

So... that's it. With a little tweeking here and there I got it working in a quite general way, that's easily extensible with many other User models sharing a common User table.

Hope someone finds it useful.

Answer 2

I didn't manage to find any way of commenting for the accepted answer, so I'm just gonna write here.

There are a couple of things that don't work exactly as the accepted answer states, probably because it is out of date.

Anyway, some of the things that I had to work out myself:

1. For the UserRegistrationsController, render_with_scope doesn't exist any more, just use render :new

2. The first line in the create function, again in the UserRegistrationsController doesn't work as stated. Just try using

   # Getting the user type that is send through a hidden field in the registration form. user_type = params[:user][:user_type] # Deleting the user_type from the params hash, won't work without this. params[:user].delete(:user_type) # Building the user, I assume. build_resource

instead of simply build_resource . Some mass-assignment error was coming up when unchanged.

1. If you want to have all the user information in Devise's current_user method, make these modifications:

class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base protect_from_forgery

 # Overriding the Devise current_user method alias_method :devise_current_user, :current_user def current_user # It will now return either a Company or a Customer, instead of the plain User. super.rolable end end

Answer 3

I was following the above instructions and found out some gaps and that instructions were just out of date when I was implementing it.

So after struggling with it the whole day, let me share with you what worked for me - and hopefully it will save you few hours of sweat and tears

• First of all, if you are not that familiar with RoR polymorphism, please go over this guide: http://astockwell.com/blog/2014/03/polymorphic-associations-in-rails-4-devise/ After following it you will have devise and user users models installed and you will be able to start working.

• After that please follow Vapire's great tutorial for generating the views with all the partails.

• What I found most frustrating was that dut to using the latest version of Devise (3.5.1), RegistrationController refused to work. Here is the code that will make it work again:

   def create meta_type = params[:user][:meta_type] meta_type_params = params[:user][meta_type] params[:user].delete(:meta_type) params[:user].delete(meta_type) build_resource(sign_up_params) child_class = meta_type.camelize.constantize child_class.new(params[child_class.to_s.underscore.to_sym]) resource.meta = child_class.new(meta_type_params) # first check if child intance is valid # cause if so and the parent instance is valid as well # it's all being saved at once valid = resource.valid? valid = resource.meta.valid? && valid # customized code end if valid && resource.save # customized code yield resource if block_given? if resource.persisted? if resource.active_for_authentication? set_flash_message :notice, :signed_up if is_flashing_format? sign_up(resource_name, resource) respond_with resource, location: after_sign_up_path_for(resource) else set_flash_message :notice, :"signed_up_but_#{resource.inactive_message}" if is_flashing_format? expire_data_after_sign_in! respond_with resource, location: after_inactive_sign_up_path_for(resource) end else clean_up_passwords resource set_minimum_password_length respond_with resource end end end

• and also add these overrides so that the redirections will work fine:

   protected def after_sign_up_path_for(resource) after_sign_in_path_for(resource) end def after_update_path_for(resource) case resource when :user, User resource.meta? ? another_path : root_path else super end end

• In order that devise flash messages will keep working you'll need to update config/locales/devise.en.yml instead of the overridden RegistraionsControlloer by UserRegistraionsControlloer all you'll need to do is add this new section:

   user_registrations: signed_up: 'Welcome! You have signed up successfully.'

Hope that will save you guys few hours.