共享库如何链接到符号？

Question

I have: car.cc

#include "car.h"
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;


extern "C" Car* create_object()
{
  return new Car;
}


Car::Car() {
    this->maxGear = 2;
    this->currentGear = 1;
    this->speed = 0;
}

void Car::shift(int gear) {
    if (gear < 1 || gear > maxGear) {
        return;
    }
    currentGear = gear;
}


void Car::brake() {
    speed -= (5 * this->getCurrentGear());
    std::cout<<"THE SPEED IS:" <<speed<<std::endl;
}


extern "C" void destroy_object( Car* object )
{
  delete object;
}

car.h

#ifndef VEHICLES_CAR_H
#define VEHICLES_CAR_H

// A very simple car class
class Car {
public:
    Car();
    void shift(int gear);
    void accelerate();
    void brake();

private:
    int maxGear;
    int currentGear;
    int speed;
};

#endif /* VEHICLES_CAR_H */

test.cc

#include "/home/car.h"
#include <dlfcn.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
     /* on Linux, use "./myclass.so" */
  void* handle = dlopen("/usr/lib/libCarTest.so", RTLD_LAZY);
  int (*result)(int);
if (!handle)
{

}

/*dlsym(handle,"accelerate");
cout<<"IN HERE: "<<endl;
dlsym(handle,"brake");
dlclose(handle);*/
 Car* (*create)();
  void (*destroy)(Car*);
dlerror();
  create = (Car* (*)())dlsym(handle, "create_object");
  destroy = (void (*)(Car*))dlsym(handle, "destroy_object");

  Car* carr = (Car*)create();
  carr->brake();

  destroy( carr );
  dlclose(handle);

/*
Car carr;
carr.brake();
* compilation g++ test.cpp -o tst /path/libcar.so
*/ 
return 0;   
}

After creating libMyLib.so and install it in /usr/lib i've tried to compile test.cc using: g++ test.cc -o tst -ldl . WHY do i need to include -lMyLib? is there a way to compile the code without libMyLib.so ? Secondly why dlsym(handle,"brake") is not working? If i change dlsym (Car* (*).... with dlsym(handle,"brake") i get nothing. why?

Appreciate

Answer 1

WHY do i need to include -lMyLib?

Because you need to link to the Car::brake method.

Secondly why dlsym(handle,"brake") is not working?

Because there is no brake symbol. The method Car::brake has a complicated mangled (implementation-defined) name. You can see this in the output of nm -D .

AFAIK, you can solve it by

• making all the methods of Car virtual (they will be called through a pointer, so no linking will be needed)
• doing it the old C way, ie. export a free function brake() that would call the Car::brake method from the .so
• making all the public methods of Car inline and defining them in the header.
• emulating the virtual table approach (as we do it in C)

Combining the last two approaches:

class Car {
public:
  void brake() { brake_impl(this); }
private:
  void (*brake_impl)(Car*);
  void do_brake(); // this would be the actual implementation
  Car() : brake_impl([] (Car* c){ c->do_brake(); }) { ... }
};

Of course you could split the implementation and the interface so it's not such a mess.