python：GeoDjango：Eclipse：在单元测试期间，引发ImportError，“无法导入设置'％s'（是否在sys.path上？是否有语法错误？）

Question

I am creating unit test py file (tests.py) then i received the below error messages. Could you give me some idea on how to resolve it.

pydev debugger: warning: psyco not available for speedups (the debugger will still work correctly, but a bit slower)
pydev debugger: starting
Finding files... done.
Importing test modules ... Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Development\eclipse-SDK-3.7-win32\plugins\org.python.pydev.debug_2.2.3.2011100616\pysrc\pydev_runfiles.py", line 307, in __get_module_from_str
    mod = __import__(modname)
  File "C:\Development\workspace37_pydev\pyproject\py23\service\rs\tests.py", line 4, in <module>
    from django.test.testcases import TestCase
  File "C:\Program Files\GeoDjango\Django-1.0.2-final\django\test\__init__.py", line 6, in <module>
    from django.test.testcases import TestCase
  File "C:\Program Files\GeoDjango\Django-1.0.2-final\django\test\testcases.py", line 10, in <module>
    from django.db import transaction
  File "C:\Program Files\GeoDjango\Django-1.0.2-final\django\db\__init__.py", line 9, in <module>
    if not settings.DATABASE_ENGINE:
  File "C:\Program Files\GeoDjango\Django-1.0.2-final\django\conf\__init__.py", line 28, in __getattr__
    self._import_settings()
  File "C:\Program Files\GeoDjango\Django-1.0.2-final\django\conf\__init__.py", line 59, in _import_settings
    self._target = Settings(settings_module)
  File "C:\Program Files\GeoDjango\Django-1.0.2-final\django\conf\__init__.py", line 94, in __init__
    raise ImportError, "Could not import settings '%s' (Is it on sys.path? Does it have syntax errors?): %s" % (self.SETTINGS_MODULE, e)
ImportError: Could not import settings 'py23.settings' (Is it on sys.path? Does it have syntax errors?): No module named py23.settings
ERROR: Module: tests could not be imported (file: C:\Development\workspace37_pydev\pyproject\py23\service\rs\tests.py).
done.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 0 tests in 0.000s

OK

Any guidance on the right direction is appreciated.

UPDATES1 I add my tests.py source code

# -*- encoding:utf-8 -*-

from django.contrib.gis.geos import GEOSGeometry
from django.test.testcases import TestCase
from django.utils import simplejson as json
import unittest
import utils

class RSCapTestCase(TestCase):

    fixtures = [ 'rs.json' ]

    def test_001_normal(self):

        response = self.client.get('/service/rs/cap', {})
        cap = json.loads(response.content)

        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertEqual(cap['version'], '1.0')
        self.assertEqual(len(cap['rs']), 3)
        self.assertEqual(cap['rs'][0], 'r1')
        self.assertEqual(cap['updateSequence'], '0001')

    def test_002_version(self):

        response = self.client.get('/service/rs/cap/1.0', {})
        cap = json.loads(response.content)

        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertEqual(cap['version'], '1.0')
        self.assertEqual(len(cap['rs']), 3)
        self.assertEqual(cap['rs'][0], 'r1')
        self.assertEqual(cap['updateSequence'], '0001')

    def test_003_version_sequence(self):

        response = self.client.get('/service/rs/cap/1.0/0001', {})
        cap = json.loads(response.content)

        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertEqual(cap['version'], '1.0')
        self.assertEqual(len(cap['rs']), 3)
        self.assertEqual(cap['rs'][0], 'r1')
        self.assertEqual(cap['updateSequence'], '0001')

UPDATES2 I added the below code

_ _ init _ _.py (same folder with tests.py)

import os
os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'py23.settings'

Here's the console when I execute tests.py

Finding files... done.
Importing test modules ... done.

======================================================================
ERROR: test_001_normal (py23.service.rs.tests.RSCapTestCase)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Program Files\GeoDjango\Django-1.0.2-final\django\test\testcases.py", line 202, in __call__
    self._pre_setup()
  File "C:\Program Files\GeoDjango\Django-1.0.2-final\django\test\testcases.py", line 183, in _pre_setup
    call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
  File "C:\Program Files\GeoDjango\Django-1.0.2-final\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 158, in call_command
    return klass.execute(*args, **options)
  File "C:\Program Files\GeoDjango\Django-1.0.2-final\django\core\management\base.py", line 210, in execute
    translation.activate('en-us')
  File "C:\Program Files\GeoDjango\Django-1.0.2-final\django\utils\translation\__init__.py", line 73, in activate
    return real_activate(language)
  File "C:\Program Files\GeoDjango\Django-1.0.2-final\django\utils\translation\__init__.py", line 43, in delayed_loader
    return g['real_%s' % caller](*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Program Files\GeoDjango\Django-1.0.2-final\django\utils\translation\trans_real.py", line 209, in activate
    _active[currentThread()] = translation(language)
  File "C:\Program Files\GeoDjango\Django-1.0.2-final\django\utils\translation\trans_real.py", line 198, in translation
    default_translation = _fetch(settings.LANGUAGE_CODE)
  File "C:\Program Files\GeoDjango\Django-1.0.2-final\django\utils\translation\trans_real.py", line 181, in _fetch
    app = getattr(__import__(appname[:p], {}, {}, [appname[p+1:]]), appname[p+1:])
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'messages'

.
.
.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 3 tests in 0.234s

FAILED (errors=43)

Answer 1

Here's what I did to solve this problem without any changes to code:

1. Go into the project properties in Eclipse
2. Go to "PyDev - PYTHONPATH" and then to the tab "String substitution variables"
3. Click "Add variable"
4. Name: "DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", Value: location of your settings module (like "py23.settings" in the answer by eros)

That did it for me, at least.

Answer 2

I just add the following:

import os
from os.path import abspath, dirname
import sys

# Set up django
project_dir = abspath(dirname(dirname(__file__)))
sys.path.insert(0, project_dir)
os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'py23.settings'