有没有一种简单的方法来在Python中操作XML文档？

Question

I have done a little research around the matter, but haven't really been able to come up with anything useful. What I need is to not just parse and read, but actually manipulate XML documents in python, similar to the way JavaScript is able to manipulate HTML documents.

Allow me to give an example. say I have the following XML document:

<library>
    <book id=123>
        <title>Intro to XML</title>
        <author>John Smith</author>
        <year>1996</year>
    </book>
    <book id=456>
        <title>XML 101</title>
        <author>Bill Jones</author>
        <year>2000</year>
    </book>
    <book id=789>
        <title>This Book is Unrelated to XML</title>
        <author>Justin Tyme</author>
        <year>2006</year>
    </book>
</library>

I need a way both to retrieve an element, either using XPath or with a "pythonic" method, as outlined here , but I also need to be able to manipulate the document, such as below:

>>>xml.getElement('id=123').title="Intro to XML v2"
>>>xml.getElement('id=123').year="1998"

If anyone is aware of such a tool in Python, please let me know. Thanks!

Answer 1

If you want to avoid installing lxml.etree , you can use xml.etree from the standard library.

Here is Acorn's answer ported to xml.etree :

import xml.etree.ElementTree as et  # was: import lxml.etree as et

xmltext = """
<root>
    <fruit>apple</fruit>
    <fruit>pear</fruit>
    <fruit>mango</fruit>
    <fruit>kiwi</fruit>
</root>
"""

tree = et.fromstring(xmltext)

for fruit in tree.findall('fruit'): # was: tree.xpath('//fruit')
    fruit.text = 'rotten %s' % (fruit.text,)

print et.tostring(tree) # removed argument: prettyprint

note: I would have put this as a comment on Acorn's answer if I could have done so in a clear manner. If you like this answer, give the upvote to Acorn.

Answer 2

lxml allows you to select elements using XPath, and also manipulate those elements.

import lxml.etree as et

xmltext = """
<root>
    <fruit>apple</fruit>
    <fruit>pear</fruit>
    <fruit>mango</fruit>
    <fruit>kiwi</fruit>
</root>
"""

tree = et.fromstring(xmltext)

for fruit in tree.xpath('//fruit'):
    fruit.text = 'rotten %s' % (fruit.text,)

print et.tostring(tree, pretty_print=True)

Result:

<root>
    <fruit>rotten apple</fruit>
    <fruit>rotten pear</fruit>
    <fruit>rotten mango</fruit>
    <fruit>rotten kiwi</fruit>
</root>