在 Java 中生成唯一的随机数

Question

I'm trying to get random numbers between 0 and 100. But I want them to be unique, not repeated in a sequence. For example if I got 5 numbers, they should be 82,12,53,64,32 and not 82,12,53,12,32 I used this, but it generates same numbers in a sequence.

Random rand = new Random();
selected = rand.nextInt(100);

Answer 1

• Add each number in the range sequentially in a list structure.
• Shuffle it.
• Take the first 'n'.

Here is a simple implementation. This will print 3 unique random numbers from the range 1-10.

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;

public class UniqueRandomNumbers {
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ArrayList<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
        for (int i=1; i<11; i++) list.add(i);
        Collections.shuffle(list);
        for (int i=0; i<3; i++) System.out.println(list.get(i));
    }
}

---

The first part of the fix with the original approach, as Mark Byers pointed out in an answer now deleted, is to use only a single Random instance.

That is what is causing the numbers to be identical. A Random instance is seeded by the current time in milliseconds. For a particular seed value, the 'random' instance will return the exact same sequence of pseudo random numbers.

Answer 2

With Java 8+ you can use the ints method of Random to get an IntStream of random values then distinct and limit to reduce the stream to a number of unique random values.

ThreadLocalRandom.current().ints(0, 100).distinct().limit(5).forEach(System.out::println);

Random also has methods which create LongStream s and DoubleStream s if you need those instead.

If you want all (or a large amount) of the numbers in a range in a random order it might be more efficient to add all of the numbers to a list, shuffle it, and take the first n because the above example is currently implemented by generating random numbers in the range requested and passing them through a set (similarly to Rob Kielty's answer ), which may require generating many more than the amount passed to limit because the probability of a generating a new unique number decreases with each one found. Here's an example of the other way:

List<Integer> range = IntStream.range(0, 100).boxed()
        .collect(Collectors.toCollection(ArrayList::new));
Collections.shuffle(range);
range.subList(0, 99).forEach(System.out::println);

Answer 3

1. Create an array of 100 numbers, then randomize their order.
2. Devise a pseudo-random number generator that has a range of 100.
3. Create a boolean array of 100 elements, then set an element true when you pick that number. When you pick the next number check against the array and try again if the array element is set. (You can make an easy-to-clear boolean array with an array of long where you shift and mask to access individual bits.)

Answer 4

对所有 100 个数字使用Collections.shuffle()并选择前五个，如此处所示。

Answer 5

I feel like this method is worth mentioning.

   private static final Random RANDOM = new Random();    
   /**
     * Pick n numbers between 0 (inclusive) and k (inclusive)
     * While there are very deterministic ways to do this,
     * for large k and small n, this could be easier than creating
     * an large array and sorting, i.e. k = 10,000
     */
    public Set<Integer> pickRandom(int n, int k) {
        final Set<Integer> picked = new HashSet<>();
        while (picked.size() < n) {
            picked.add(RANDOM.nextInt(k + 1));
        }
        return picked;
    }

Answer 6

I re-factored Anand's answer to make use not only of the unique properties of a Set but also use the boolean false returned by the set.add() when an add to the set fails.

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Set;

public class randomUniqueNumberGenerator {

    public static final int SET_SIZE_REQUIRED = 10;
    public static final int NUMBER_RANGE = 100;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Random random = new Random();

        Set set = new HashSet<Integer>(SET_SIZE_REQUIRED);

        while(set.size()< SET_SIZE_REQUIRED) {
            while (set.add(random.nextInt(NUMBER_RANGE)) != true)
                ;
        }
        assert set.size() == SET_SIZE_REQUIRED;
        System.out.println(set);
    }
}

Answer 7

I have made this like that.

    Random random = new Random();
    ArrayList<Integer> arrayList = new ArrayList<Integer>();

    while (arrayList.size() < 6) { // how many numbers u need - it will 6
        int a = random.nextInt(49)+1; // this will give numbers between 1 and 50.

        if (!arrayList.contains(a)) {
            arrayList.add(a);
        }
    }

Answer 8

This will work to generate unique random numbers................

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Random;

public class RandomExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Random rand = new Random();
        int e;
        int i;
        int g = 10;
        HashSet<Integer> randomNumbers = new HashSet<Integer>();

        for (i = 0; i < g; i++) {
            e = rand.nextInt(20);
            randomNumbers.add(e);
            if (randomNumbers.size() <= 10) {
                if (randomNumbers.size() == 10) {
                    g = 10;
                }
                g++;
                randomNumbers.add(e);
            }
        }
        System.out.println("Ten Unique random numbers from 1 to 20 are  : " + randomNumbers);
    }
}

Answer 9

One clever way to do this is to use exponents of a primitive element in modulus.

For example, 2 is a primitive root mod 101, meaning that the powers of 2 mod 101 give you a non-repeating sequence that sees every number from 1 to 100 inclusive:

2^0 mod 101 = 1
2^1 mod 101 = 2
2^2 mod 101 = 4
...
2^50 mod 101 = 100
2^51 mod 101 = 99
2^52 mod 101 = 97
...
2^100 mod 101 = 1

In Java code, you would write:

void randInts() {
int num=1;
for (int ii=0; ii<101; ii++) {
    System.out.println(num);
    num= (num*2) % 101;
    }
}

Finding a primitive root for a specific modulus can be tricky, but Maple's "primroot" function will do this for you.

Answer 10

I have come here from another question, which has been duplicate of this question ( Generating unique random number in java )

1. Store 1 to 100 numbers in an Array.

2. Generate random number between 1 to 100 as position and return array[position-1] to get the value

3. Once you use a number in array, mark the value as -1 ( No need to maintain another array to check if this number is already used)

4. If value in array is -1, get the random number again to fetch new location in array.

Answer 11

I have easy solution for this problem, With this we can easily generate n number of unique random numbers, Its just logic anyone can use it in any language.

for(int i=0;i<4;i++)
        {
            rn[i]= GenerateRandomNumber();
            for (int j=0;j<i;j++)
            {
                if (rn[i] == rn[j])
                {
                    i--;
                }
            }
        }

Answer 12

Though it's an old thread, but adding another option might not harm. (JDK 1.8 lambda functions seem to make it easy);

The problem could be broken down into the following steps;

• Get a minimum value for the provided list of integers (for which to generate unique random numbers)
• Get a maximum value for the provided list of integers
• Use ThreadLocalRandom class (from JDK 1.8) to generate random integer values against the previously found min and max integer values and then filter to ensure that the values are indeed contained by the originally provided list. Finally apply distinct to the intstream to ensure that generated numbers are unique.

Here is the function with some description:

/**
 * Provided an unsequenced / sequenced list of integers, the function returns unique random IDs as defined by the parameter
 * @param numberToGenerate
 * @param idList
 * @return List of unique random integer values from the provided list
 */
private List<Integer> getUniqueRandomInts(List<Integer> idList, Integer numberToGenerate) {

    List<Integer> generatedUniqueIds = new ArrayList<>();

    Integer minId = idList.stream().mapToInt (v->v).min().orElseThrow(NoSuchElementException::new);
    Integer maxId = idList.stream().mapToInt (v->v).max().orElseThrow(NoSuchElementException::new);

            ThreadLocalRandom.current().ints(minId,maxId)
            .filter(e->idList.contains(e))
            .distinct()
            .limit(numberToGenerate)
            .forEach(generatedUniqueIds:: add);

    return generatedUniqueIds;

}

So that, to get 11 unique random numbers for 'allIntegers' list object, we'll call the function like;

    List<Integer> ids = getUniqueRandomInts(allIntegers,11);

The function declares new arrayList 'generatedUniqueIds' and populates with each unique random integer up to the required number before returning.

PS ThreadLocalRandom class avoids common seed value in case of concurrent threads.

Answer 13

Following code will generate 5 random numbers between 1 to 100

 public static void main(String[] args) {
        Random random = new Random();
        HashSet<Integer> set = new HashSet<>();
        while (set.size() < 5) {
            int a = random.nextInt(99)+1;
            if (!set.contains(a)) {
                set.add(a);
            }
        }
        System.out.println(set);
    }

Answer 14

try this out

public class RandomValueGenerator {
    /**
     * 
     */
    private volatile List<Double> previousGenValues = new ArrayList<Double>();

    public void init() {
        previousGenValues.add(Double.valueOf(0));
    }

    public String getNextValue() {
        Random random = new Random();
        double nextValue=0;
        while(previousGenValues.contains(Double.valueOf(nextValue))) {
            nextValue = random.nextDouble();
        }
        previousGenValues.add(Double.valueOf(nextValue));
        return String.valueOf(nextValue);
    }
}

Answer 15

Choose n unique random numbers from 0 to m-1.

int[] uniqueRand(int n, int m){
    Random rand = new Random();
    int[] r = new int[n];
    int[] result = new int[n];
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
        r[i] = rand.nextInt(m-i);
        result[i] = r[i];
        for(int j = i-1; j >= 0; j--){
            if(result[i] >= r[j])
                result[i]++;
        }
    }
    return result;
}

Imagine a list containing numbers from 0 to m-1. To choose the first number, we simply use rand.nextInt(m) . Then remove the number from the list. Now there remains m-1 numbers, so we call rand.nextInt(m-1) . The number we get represents the position in the list. If it is less than the first number, then it is the second number, since the part of list prior to the first number wasn't changed by the removal of the first number. If the position is greater than or equal to the first number, the second number is position+1. Do some further derivation, you can get this algorithm.

Explanation

This algorithm has O(n^2) complexity. So it is good for generating small amount of unique numbers from a large set. While the shuffle based algorithm need at least O(m) to do the shuffle.

Also shuffle based algorithm need memory to store every possible outcome to do the shuffle, this algorithm doesn't need.

Answer 16

This isn't significantly different from other answers, but I wanted the array of integers in the end:

    Integer[] indices = new Integer[n];
    Arrays.setAll(indices, i -> i);
    Collections.shuffle(Arrays.asList(indices));
    return Arrays.stream(indices).mapToInt(Integer::intValue).toArray();

Answer 17

you can use boolean array to fill the true if value taken else set navigate through boolean array to get value as per given below

package study;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

/*
Created By Sachin  Rane on Jul 18, 2018
*/
public class UniqueRandomNumber {
    static Boolean[] boolArray;
    public static void main(String s[]){
        List<Integer> integers = new ArrayList<>();


        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            integers.add(i);
        }


        //get unique random numbers
        boolArray = new Boolean[integers.size()+1];
        Arrays.fill(boolArray, false);
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            System.out.print(getUniqueRandomNumber(integers) + " ");

        }

    }

    private static int  getUniqueRandomNumber(List<Integer> integers) {
        int randNum =(int) (Math.random()*integers.size());
        if(boolArray[randNum]){
            while(boolArray[randNum]){
                randNum++;
                if(randNum>boolArray.length){
                    randNum=0;
                }
            }
            boolArray[randNum]=true;
            return randNum;
        }else {
            boolArray[randNum]=true;
            return randNum;
        }

    }

}

Answer 18

This is the most simple method to generate unique random values in a range or from an array .

In this example, I will be using a predefined array but you can adapt this method to generate random numbers as well. First, we will create a sample array to retrieve our data from.

1. Generate a random number and add it to the new array.
2. Generate another random number and check if it is already stored in the new array.
3. If not then add it and continue
4. else reiterate the step.

ArrayList<Integer> sampleList = new ArrayList<>();
sampleList.add(1);
sampleList.add(2);
sampleList.add(3);
sampleList.add(4);
sampleList.add(5);
sampleList.add(6);
sampleList.add(7);
sampleList.add(8);

Now from the sampleList we will produce five random numbers that are unique.

int n;
randomList = new ArrayList<>();
for(int  i=0;i<5;i++){
    Random random = new Random();
    n=random.nextInt(8);     //Generate a random index between 0-7

    if(!randomList.contains(sampleList.get(n)))
    randomList.add(sampleList.get(n));
    else
        i--;    //reiterating the step
}
        

This is conceptually very simple. If the random value generated already exists then we will reiterate the step. This will continue until all the values generated are unique.

If you found this answer useful then you can vote it up as it is much simple in concept as compared to the other answers .

Answer 19

Check this

public class RandomNumbers {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        int n = 5;
        int A[] = uniqueRandomArray(n);
        for(int i = 0; i<n; i++){
            System.out.println(A[i]);
        }
    }
    public static int[] uniqueRandomArray(int n){
        int [] A = new int[n];
        for(int i = 0; i< A.length; ){
            if(i == A.length){
                break;
            }
            int b = (int)(Math.random() *n) + 1;
            if(f(A,b) == false){
                A[i++] = b;
            } 
        }
        return A;
    }
    public static boolean f(int[] A, int n){
        for(int i=0; i<A.length; i++){
            if(A[i] == n){
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
}

Answer 20

Below is a way I used to generate unique number always. Random function generates number and stores it in textfile then next time it checks it in file compares it and generate new unique number hence in this way there is always a new unique number.

public int GenerateRandomNo()
{
    int _min = 0000;
    int _max = 9999;
    Random _rdm = new Random();
    return _rdm.Next(_min, _max);
}
public int rand_num()
{
    randnum = GenerateRandomNo();
    string createText = randnum.ToString() + Environment.NewLine;
    string file_path = System.IO.Path.GetDirectoryName(System.Windows.Forms.Application.ExecutablePath) + @"\Invoices\numbers.txt";
    File.AppendAllText(file_path, createText);
    int number = File.ReadLines(file_path).Count(); //count number of lines in file
    System.IO.StreamReader file = new System.IO.StreamReader(file_path);
    do
    {
        randnum = GenerateRandomNo();
    }
    while ((file.ReadLine()) == randnum.ToString());
    file.Close();
    return randnum;

}

Answer 21

You can use the Collections class.

A utility class called Collections offers different actions that can be performed on a collection like an ArrayList (eg, search the elements, find the maximum or minimum element, reverse the order of elements, and so on). One of the actions it can perform is to shuffle the elements. The shuffle will randomly move each element to a different position in the list. It does this by using a Random object. This means it's deterministic randomness, but it will do in most situations.

To shuffle the ArrayList, add the Collections import to the top of the program and then use the Shuffle static method. It takes the ArrayList to be shuffled as a parameter:

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class Lottery {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//define ArrayList to hold Integer objects
ArrayList numbers = new ArrayList();
for(int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
{
numbers.add(i+1);
}
Collections.shuffle(numbers);
System.out.println(numbers);
}
}

Answer 22

You can generate n unique random number between 0 to n-1 in java

public static void RandomGenerate(int n)
{
     Set<Integer> st=new HashSet<Integer>();
     Random r=new Random();
     while(st.size()<n)
     {
        st.add(r.nextInt(n));
     }

}