第三次出现字符python后去掉字符串

Question

I want to strip all characters after a third character, say - for instance.

I found this code online and it works but I'm having trouble learning how it works and wanted to ask so I can understand it fully.

 def indexList(s, item, i=0):
    """
    Return an index list of all occurrances of 'item' in string/list 's'.
    Optional start search position 'i'
    """
    i_list = []
    while True:
        try:
            i = s.index(item, i)
            i_list.append(i)
            i += 1
        except:
            break
    return i_list

def strip_chrs(s, subs):
    for i in range(indexList(s, subs)[-1], len(s)):
        if s[i+1].isalpha():
            return data[:i+1]

data = '115Z2113-3-777-55789ABC7777'
print strip_chrs(data, '-')

Here's my questions on the while True: line what's true? Also on the except: Except what? and why does is a break coded there?

Thanks in advance!

Answer 1

Here is a way:

def trunc_at(s, d, n=3):
    "Returns s truncated at the n'th (3rd by default) occurrence of the delimiter, d."
    return d.join(s.split(d, n)[:n])

print trunc_at("115Z2113-3-777-55789ABC7777", "-")

How it works:

1. The string s is split into a list at each occurrence of the delimiter d using s.split(d) . We use the second argument to split to indicate the maximum number of splits to do (since there's no reason to keep splitting after the first n times). The result is a list, such as ["115Z2113", "3", "777", "55789ABC7777"]
2. A slice of the first n items of the list is taken using [:n] . The result is another list, such as ["115Z2113", "3", "777"]
3. The list is joined back into a string, placing the delimiter d between each item of the list,using d.join(...) , resulting in, for example, "115Z2113-3-777"

Answer 2

In a one-liner way :

data = '115Z2113-3-777-55789ABC7777'
strip_character = "-"
>>> strip_character.join(data.split(strip_character)[:3])
'115Z2113-3-777'

Answer 3

The line

 while True:

creates an infinite loop. It's just going to keep looping there until either the program crashes or a break is called. The except line is an exception handler that is going to catch any exceptions, at which point break is called exiting the infinite loop.

Answer 4

On the "while True", True is simply the constant value True. So while True is loop-forever or until broken.

the except is using the exception that happens when s.index finds no more string after i as a way to break the loop. This is a Bad Thing.

try something like this (pseudocode):

while you still have string left:
   get index of next '-'
   if found, add 1 to count
   if count == 3:
      return s[index+1:]

the s[index+1:] returns the substring from the character following index, to the end.