如何在javascript中捕获浏览器的后退/前进按钮单击事件或哈希更改事件？

Question

I want to alert() when browser's back or forward button is clicked or hash is changed in javascript. I have tried this solution and it is working but it is causing problems on other links in webpage and submit each request twice on any link click event.

Is there any solution to capture it without using setInterval() function? So I need to capture hash change or back/forward button click event? I need a simple javascript code/function/property that should work in all modern browsers.

Any solution ?

Thanks

Answer 1

Not a good idea

Can you rather explain the reasoning behind this? We've all been down this road of preventing backs/forwards and similar and mangling with browser functionality.

It turns out though it's better to obey to browser and write your application in that way so these things become irrelevant. And it's also true that browsers are locking more and more things to client javascript apps so it's highly likely your app is going to fail after (few) browser upgrades.

Go with HTML5

HTML5 History spec may be exactly what you're after. It's the way things should work and be done in regard to Ajax applications and browser0s back/forward functionality. I suggest you check it out. See a working demo that does this rather nicely.

Answer 2

I believe this is the answer Robert Koritnik was looking for, I found it here: https://developers.google.com/tv/web/articles/location-hash-navigation

There is an event (window.onhashchange) that fires whenever the location hash has been updated or changed so all you have to do is set up an event handler using JavaScript to listen for this event and execute code based on the hash. This is basically how it is done:

function getLocationHash() {
  return window.location.hash.substring(1);
}
window.onhashchange = function(e) {
  switch(getLocationHash()) {
    case 'state1': 
      execute code block 1;
      break;
    case 'state2':
      execute code block 2;
      break;
    default: 
      code to be executed if different from case 1 and 2;
  }
}

I have it working on my site: http://www.designhandler.com

It is all dynamically changing content. No ajax yet but when I am finished it will be. I still use the window.location.hash to keep track of the site states. If you navigate through the site and then begin to use the back forward buttons to navigate once the site is in the history it will change the states dynamically like if the user was actually clicking through the nav, rather than needing to reload the page afterward.

Answer 3

It's this for hash or for redirection? What are you trying to do? This kind of action is usually highly intrusive.

You may want to try "onbeforeunload" event for this javascript before leaving the page

---

Edited

Actually, the link you provide is quite accurate.

var hash = location.hash;

setInterval(function()
{
   if (location.hash != hash)
   {
       hashUpdatedEvent(hash);
   }
}, 100);

function hashUpdatedEvent(hash)
{
     switch(...);
}

Your link duplicate action problem would be corrected if you change

<a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="someFuncion()">Go for it</a>

function someFuncion()
{
   doWhatever();
   location.hash = 'somethingwasdone';
}

function hashUpdatedEvent(hash)
{
     if(hash == 'somethingwasdone')
     {
         doWhatever();
     }
}

By just (update the hash and let the "event" handle the action) :

<a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="someFuncion()">Go for it</a>

function someFuncion()
{
   location.hash = 'somethingwasdone';
}

function hashUpdatedEvent(hash)
{
     if(hash == 'somethingwasdone')
     {
         doWhatever();
     }
}

Answer 4

Javascript provide the event popstate to capture browser's back/forward button click event -

window.addEventListener("popstate", function(e) { 
  // if a back or forward button is clicked, do whatever, like alert or anything

  console.log('href => ', e.path[0].location.href);
  // href =>  https://testdomain.com/demos/material/admin-app/#!/app/dashboard

  console.log('hash => ', e.path[0].location.hash);
  //hash =>  #!/app/dashboard

  console.log('pathname => ', e.path[0].location.pathname);
  //pathname =>  /demos/material/admin-app/

});

Read more on popstate