如何将一个数组分成3个部分，每个部分的总和大致相等

Question

I have an arranged array and I want to divide it into 3 parts so that their sum are closest to each other.

Ex: I have this array:

    10, 8, 8, 7, 6, 6, 6, 5

so it'll be divided into 3 part like:

    p1 {10,8} sum = 18
    p2 {8,7,6} sum = 21
    p3 {6,6,5} sum = 17

Answer 1

The original poster already has a working solution (noted in comments) to split the array into two parts with equal sums; call this split2 . The three-part version can be constructed using split2 .

1. Add to the array a new number equal to one-third of the sum of the original numbers.
2. Split the array into two parts using split2 .
3. One part has the number that was added; remove it.
4. Split the other part into two using split2 .

Answer 2

这就像是NP-Hard的two-Partition问题，但不是强烈的意义，你可以有一个O（nK）算法，其中K是你的输入和的大小，参见pseudo polynomial time algorithm for subset sum ，另见回答divide-list-in-two-parts-that-their-sum-closest-to-each-other ，但在你的情况下，你应该只添加另一个维度来处理它。

Answer 3

Try the following code

int total = 0, partSum = 0, partIndex = 0;
int noOfParts = 3; //Initialize the no. of parts
int[] input = { 10, 8, 8, 7, 6, 6, 6, 5 };
int[] result = new int[noOfParts]; //Initialize result array with no. of locations equal to no. of parts, to store partSums
foreach (int i in input) //Calculate the total of input array values
{
    total += i;
}
int threshold = (total / noOfParts) - (total / input.Length) / 2; //Calculate a minimum threshold value for partSum
for (int j = input.Length - 1; j > -1; j--)
{
    partSum += input[j]; //Add array values to partSum incrementally
    if (partSum >= threshold) //If partSum reaches the threshold value, add it to result[] and reset partSum  
    {
        result[partIndex] = partSum;
        partIndex += 1;
        partSum = 0;
        continue;
    }
}
if (partIndex < noOfParts) //If no. of parts in result[] is less than the no. of parts required, add the remaining partSum value
{
    result[partIndex] = partSum;
}
Array.Reverse(result);
foreach (int k in result)
{
    Console.WriteLine(k);
}
Console.Read();     

I've tested this with various values in array(arranged in descending order) and also with different value for no. of parts(3,4,5...) and got good results.

Answer 4

// calculate total
total = 0;
for(i = 0; i != size; ++i) {
   total += array[i];
}

// partition
n_partitions = 3;
current_partition = 1;
subtotal = array[0];
for(i = 1; i != size; ++i) {
   if(subtotal + array[i] > total / n_partitions) {
      // start new partition;
      current_partition++;
      subtotal = array[i];
   } else {
      // push to current partition
      subtotal += array[i];
   }
}

Answer 5

Updated with code:

The approach I suggest is as follows (with code below):

• Create data structures (Collections etc) to represent the number of output parts that you need (in your example 3)
• Sort the input array in descending order.
• Iterate through the elements of the input array and for each value:
  • pick an output part to place the value in (this should be the output part currently with the lowest overall sum..)
  • add the value to the selected output part

With the above logic, you will always be adding to the output part with the lowest overall value (which will help to keep the parts of similar overall value).

(in the code sample below I have skipped the array sorting step as your example is already sorted)

Code:

        // the input array
        int[] inputArray = new int[] { 10, 8, 8, 7, 6, 6, 6, 5 };

        // the number of parts you want
        int numberOfOutputParts = 3;

        // create the part structures
        List<Part> listOfParts = new List<Part>();

        for(int i =0; i < numberOfOutputParts; i++)
        {
            listOfParts.Add(new Part());
        }

        // iterate through each input value
        foreach (int value in inputArray)
        {
            // find the part with the lowest sum
            int? lowestSumFoundSoFar = null;
            Part lowestValuePartSoFar = null;

            foreach(Part partToCheck in listOfParts)
            {
                if (lowestSumFoundSoFar == null || partToCheck.CurrentSum < lowestSumFoundSoFar)
                {
                    lowestSumFoundSoFar = partToCheck.CurrentSum;
                    lowestValuePartSoFar = partToCheck;
                }
            }

            // add the value to that Part
            lowestValuePartSoFar.AddValue(value);
        }

The code for the Part class used above (although you could use something better is as follows):

public class Part
{
    public List<int> Values
    {
        get;
        set;
    }

    public int CurrentSum
    {
        get;
        set;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Default Constructpr
    /// </summary>
    public Part()
    {
        Values = new List<int>();
    }

    public void AddValue(int value)
    {
        Values.Add(value);
        CurrentSum += value;
    }
}

Answer 6

Could you try my sample, this may help you

My Algorithm: 1/ Calculate avg value of the array numbers by the number of output array (exp:value=3 in your post)

2/ Sum the array numbers until the Sum has min gap compare to the avg value (calculated in 1/)

3/ Do step 2 until you go to the end of the array numbers

I using C# 3.5 to test

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Collections;

namespace WindowsFormsApplication2
{
    public partial class Form2 : Form
    {
        public Form2()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        ArrayList inputValue = new ArrayList();
        int avgValue = 0;
        bool isFinish = false;
        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            #region Init data
            isFinish = false;
            avgValue = 0;
            inputValue.Clear();
            listBox1.Items.Clear();
            //assum you input valid number without space and in desc sorting order 
            string[] arrNumber = textBox1.Text.Split(new char[] { ',' }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
            int numberOfBreak = 3;
            int record = Convert.ToInt32(arrNumber[0]);//update the record with the maximum value of the array numbers
            for (int i = 0; i < arrNumber.Length; i++)
            {
                inputValue.Add(Convert.ToInt32(arrNumber[i]));
            }

            foreach (object obj in inputValue)
            {
                avgValue += (int)obj;
            }
            avgValue = avgValue / numberOfBreak;
            #endregion
            int lastIndex = 0;
            while (!isFinish)
            {
                int index = GetIndex(lastIndex);
                string sResult = "";
                for (int i = lastIndex; i <= index; i++)
                {
                    sResult += inputValue[i].ToString() + "-";
                }
                listBox1.Items.Add(sResult);
                if (index + 1 < inputValue.Count)
                {
                    lastIndex = index + 1;
                }
                sResult = "";
            }
        }

        private int GetIndex(int startIndex)
        {
            int index = -1;
            int gap1 = Math.Abs(avgValue - (int)inputValue[startIndex]);
            int tempSum = (int)inputValue[startIndex];
            if (startIndex < inputValue.Count - 1)
            {

                int gap2 = 0;
                while (gap1 > gap2 && !isFinish)
                {
                    for (int i = startIndex + 1; i < inputValue.Count; i++)
                    {
                        tempSum += (int)inputValue[i];

                        gap2 = Math.Abs(avgValue - tempSum);
                        if (gap2 <= gap1)
                        {
                            gap1 = gap2;
                            gap2 = 0;
                            index = i;
                            if (startIndex <= inputValue.Count - 1)
                            {
                                startIndex += 1;
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                isFinish = true;
                            }
                            if (startIndex == inputValue.Count - 1)
                            {
                                index = startIndex;
                                isFinish = true;
                            }
                            break;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            index = i - 1;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }


            }
            else if (startIndex == inputValue.Count - 1)
            {
                index = startIndex;
                isFinish = true;
            }
            else
            {
                isFinish = true;
            }
            return index;
        }
    }
}