向 sys.excepthook 添加函数

Question

Say I have something like this, which sends unhanded exceptions to logging.critical() :

import sys

def register_handler():
    orig_excepthook = sys.excepthook

    def error_catcher(*exc_info):
        import logging
        log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
        log.critical("Unhandled exception", exc_info=exc_info)
        orig_excepthook(*exc_info)

    sys.excepthook = error_catcher

It works:

import logging
logging.basicConfig()

register_handler()

undefined() # logs, then runs original excepthook

However if register_handler() is called multiple times, multiple error_catcher 's are called in a chain, and the logging message appears several times..

I can think of a few ways, but none of them are particularly good (like checking if sys.excepthook is the error_catcher function, or using a "have_registered" attribute on the module to avoid double-registering)

Is there a recommended way of doing this?

Answer 1

You can just check if sys.excepthook is still built-in function before registering your handler:

>>> import sys, types
>>> isinstance(sys.excepthook, types.BuiltinFunctionType)
True
>>> sys.excepthook = lambda x: x
>>> isinstance(sys.excepthook, types.BuiltinFunctionType)
False

Answer 2

如果将问题中的代码放入模块中，可以多次导入，但只会在第一次执行。

Answer 3

Having a module-level "have the hook already been registered" variable seems like the simplest and most reliable way of doing this.

The other possible solutions would fall over in certain (rather obscure) circumstances - checking if the sys.excepthook is a builtin function will fail if an application registers a custom excepthook , storing the original excepthook at function-definition time will clobber subsequently registered excepthook functions.

import sys

_hook_registered = False

def register_handler(force = False):
    global _hook_registered

    if _hook_registered and not force:
        return

    orig_excepthook = sys.excepthook

    def error_catcher(*exc_info):
        import logging
        log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
        log.critical("Unhandled exception", exc_info=exc_info)
        orig_excepthook(*exc_info)

    sys.excepthook = error_catcher

    _hook_registered = True

Answer 4

If you make orig_excepthook an argument with a default value, the default value is fixed once at definition-time. So repeated calls to register_handler will not change orig_excepthook .

import sys

def register_handler(orig_excepthook=sys.excepthook):
    def error_catcher(*exc_info):
        import logging
        log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
        log.critical("Unhandled exception", exc_info=exc_info)
        orig_excepthook(*exc_info)
    sys.excepthook = error_catcher

---

import logging
logging.basicConfig()

register_handler()
register_handler()
register_handler()

undefined() 

produces only one call to log.critical .

Answer 5

You should use sys.__excepthook__ [1].
It is an object that contains the original values of sys.excepthook [2] at the start of the program.
ie;

import sys
import logging

def register_handler():
    log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
    def error_catcher(*exc_info):
        log.critical("Unhandled exception", exc_info=exc_info)
        sys.__excepthook__(*exc_info)

    sys.excepthook = error_catcher

Reference:
1. https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys. excepthook
2. https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.excepthook