接口上的C＃泛型

Question

I'm creating a generic interface to work as command pattern:

public interface IGenericComponent<T> where T : IVisitableObject
{
    void Update(T msg);
}

Then, I'll have another class that I'll hold a bunch of implementations of this interface (each one with its own type). There I would have a dictionary to put the list of commands to execute like this:

private Dictionary<MessageType, List<IGenericComponent>> _components;

This generates a compilation error because I don't put the type for the IGenericComponent. I have a thread that calls the Update method and a method to subscribe (inserta an component to the dictionary):

public void Subscribe<T>(MessageType messageType, IGenericComponent<T> component) where T : IVisitableObject, new()
    {
        lock (_monitorDictionary)
        {
            List<IGenericComponent> subscribedList;
            if (_components.TryGetValue(messageType, out subscribedList))
            {
                subscribedList.Add(component);
                IVisitableObject firstUpdate;
                if(_messageBuffer.TryGetValue(messageType, out firstUpdate))
                    component.Update((T)firstUpdate);
            }
            else
            {
                subscribedList = new List<IGenericComponent>();
                subscribedList.Add(component);
                _components[messageType] = subscribedList;
            }
        }
    }

    private void ProcessQueue()
    {
        while (true)
        {
            IVisitableObject msg;
            lock (_monitorQueue)
            {
                msg = _queue.Dequeue();
            }
            List<IGenericComponent> components;
            lock(_monitorDictionary)
            {
                components = _components[msg.MsgType];
            }
            if(components!= null)
            {
                foreach (IGenericComponent genericComponent in components)
                    genericComponent.Update(msg);
            }
        }
    }

This code does not compile... I came from Java programming, and in Java I can ommit the parametrized type when I instantiate the type. So... I would like to know if is it possible to do that in C# so it would assume that its the generic type (IVisitableObject). Or if you know a better way to solve this problem... The way I've solved this is not the way I would like to use. I've removed generics from the interface and used the generic type IVisitableObject as the parameter of Update method. Thanks in advance.

Answer 1

The simplest solution is to say

interface IGenericComponent {
    void Update(IVisitableObject msg);
}
interface IGenericComponent<T> : IGenericComponent where T : IVisitableObject {
    void Update(T msg);
}

Answer 2

I've used the approach in Jason's answer and it works fine, especially if you can hide the cast from IVisitableObject to T in a base class. But if you want to avoid forcing classes to implement the non-generic interface, you can use this pattern. Store your subscribers as a List<object> and use a helper class ( Dispatcher ) to send the message.

public interface IVisitableObject { }
public interface IGenericComponent<T> where T : IVisitableObject
{
    void Update(T msg);
}

abstract class Dispatcher
{
    protected Dispatcher() { }

    public abstract void Dispatch(IVisitableObject message, IEnumerable<object> subscribers);


    static Dictionary<Type, Dispatcher> dispatchers = new Dictionary<Type, Dispatcher>();

    static Dispatcher GetDispatcherFor(IVisitableObject message)
    {
        Type type = message.GetType();

        if (!dispatchers.ContainsKey(type))
        {
            Type closedType = typeof(Dispatcher<>).MakeGenericType(message.GetType());
            object dispatcher = Activator.CreateInstance(closedType);
            dispatchers[type] = (Dispatcher)dispatcher;
        }

        return dispatchers[type];
    }
}

class Dispatcher<T> : Dispatcher where T : IVisitableObject
{
    public override void Dispatch(IVisitableObject message, IEnumerable<object> subscribers)
    {
        var msg = (T)message;
        foreach (var subscriber in subscribers.OfType<IGenericComponent<T>>())
        {
            subscriber.Update(msg);
        }
    }
}