带自动和自定义滚动的Python Tkinter文本小部件

Question

I wrote a simple Tkinter based Python application that reads text from a serial connection and adds it to the window, specifically a text widged.

After a lot of tweaks and some very strange exceptions, this works. Then I added autoscrolling by doing this:

self.text.insert(END, str(parsed_line))
self.text.yview(END)

These lines run in a thread. The thread blocks on reading fromt the serial connection, splits lines and then adds all lines to the widget.

This works, too. Then I wanted to allow the user to scroll which should disable auto-scroll until the user scrolls back to the bottom.

I found this Stop Text widget from scrolling when content is changed which seems to be related. Especially, I tried the code from DuckAssasin's comment:

if self.myWidgetScrollbar.get() == 1.0:
    self.myWidget.yview(END)

I also tried .get()[1] which is actually the element I want (bottom position). However, this crashes with the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "transformer-gui.py", line 119, in run
    pos = self.scrollbar.get()[1]
  File "C:\Python26\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line 2809, in get
    return self._getdoubles(self.tk.call(self._w, 'get'))
  File "C:\Python26\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line 1028, in _getdoubles
    return tuple(map(getdouble, self.tk.splitlist(string)))
ValueError: invalid literal for float(): None

It seems as if tkinter somewhere returns None which then is being parsed as a float. I read somewhere, that eg the index method of the text widged sometimes returnes None if the requested location is not visible.

Hopefully, anybody can help me out with this problem!

[EDIT]

Ok, I have assembled a demo script that can reproduce this issue on my Win XP machine:

import re,sys,time
from Tkinter import *
import Tkinter
import threading
import traceback


class ReaderThread(threading.Thread): 
    def __init__(self, text, scrollbar):
        print "Thread init"
        threading.Thread.__init__(self) 
        self.text = text
        self.scrollbar = scrollbar
        self.running = True

    def stop(self):
        print "Stopping thread"
        running = False

    def run(self):
        print "Thread started"
        time.sleep(5)
        i = 1
        try:
            while(self.running):
                # emulating delay when reading from serial interface
                time.sleep(0.05)
                line = "the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog\n"

                curIndex = "1.0"
                lowerEdge = 1.0
                pos = 1.0

                # get cur position
                pos = self.scrollbar.get()[1]

                # Disable scrollbar
                self.text.configure(yscrollcommand=None, state=NORMAL)

                # Add to text window
                self.text.insert(END, str(line))
                startIndex = repr(i) + ".0"
                curIndex = repr(i) + ".end"

                # Perform colorization
                if i % 6 == 0:
                    self.text.tag_add("warn", startIndex, curIndex)
                elif i % 6 == 1:
                    self.text.tag_add("debug", startIndex, curIndex)                            
                elif i % 6 == 2:
                    self.text.tag_add("info", startIndex, curIndex)                         
                elif i % 6 == 3:
                    self.text.tag_add("error", startIndex, curIndex)                            
                elif i % 6 == 4:
                    self.text.tag_add("fatal", startIndex, curIndex)                            
                i = i + 1

                # Enable scrollbar
                self.text.configure(yscrollcommand=self.scrollbar.set, state=DISABLED)

                # Auto scroll down to the end if scroll bar was at the bottom before
                # Otherwise allow customer scrolling                        

                if pos == 1.0:
                    self.text.yview(END)

                #if(lowerEdge == 1.0):
                #   print "is lower edge!"
                #self.text.see(curIndex)
                #else:
                #   print "Customer scrolling", lowerEdge

                # Get current scrollbar position before inserting
                #(upperEdge, lowerEdge) = self.scrollbar.get()
                #print upperEdge, lowerEdge

                #self.text.update_idletasks()
        except Exception as e:
            traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stdout)
            print "Exception in receiver thread, stopping..."
            pass
        print "Thread stopped"


class Transformer:
    def __init__(self):
        pass

    def start(self):
        """starts to read linewise from self.in_stream and parses the read lines"""
        count = 1
        root = Tk()
        root.title("Tkinter Auto-Scrolling Test")
        topPane = PanedWindow(root, orient=HORIZONTAL)
        topPane.pack(side=TOP, fill=X)
        lowerPane = PanedWindow(root, orient=VERTICAL)

        scrollbar = Scrollbar(root)
        scrollbar.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)
        text = Text(wrap=WORD, yscrollcommand=scrollbar.set)
        scrollbar.config(command=text.yview)
        # Color definition for log levels
        text.tag_config("debug",foreground="gray50")
        text.tag_config("info",foreground="green")
        text.tag_config("warn",foreground="orange")
        text.tag_config("error",foreground="red")
        text.tag_config("fatal",foreground="#8B008B")
        # set default color
        text.config(background="black", foreground="gray");
        text.pack(expand=YES, fill=BOTH)        

        lowerPane.add(text)
        lowerPane.pack(expand=YES, fill=BOTH)

        t = ReaderThread(text, scrollbar)
        print "Starting thread"
        t.start()

        try:
            root.mainloop()
        except Exception as e:
            print "Exception in window manager: ", e

        t.stop()
        t.join()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    try:
        trans = Transformer()
        trans.start()
    except Exception as e:
        print "Error: ", e
        sys.exit(1)     

I let this scipt run and start to scroll up and down and after some time I get a lot of always different exceptions such as:

.\source\testtools\device-log-transformer>python tkinter-autoscroll.py
Thread init
Starting thread
Thread started
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "tkinter-autoscroll.py", line 59, in run
    self.text.configure(yscrollcommand=self.scrollbar.set, state=DISABLED)
  File "C:\Python26\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line 1202, in configure
Stopping thread
    return self._configure('configure', cnf, kw)
  File "C:\Python26\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line 1193, in _configure
    self.tk.call(_flatten((self._w, cmd)) + self._options(cnf))
TclError: invalid command name ".14762592"
Exception in receiver thread, stopping...
Thread stopped

.\source\testtools\device-log-transformer>python tkinter-autoscroll.py
Thread init
Starting thread
Thread started
Stopping thread
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "tkinter-autoscroll.py", line 35, in run
    pos = self.scrollbar.get()[1]
  File "C:\Python26\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line 2809, in get
    return self._getdoubles(self.tk.call(self._w, 'get'))
TclError: invalid command name ".14762512"
Exception in receiver thread, stopping...
Thread stopped

.\source\testtools\device-log-transformer>python tkinter-autoscroll.py
Thread init
Starting thread
Thread started
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "tkinter-autoscroll.py", line 65, in run
    self.text.yview(END)
  File "C:\Python26\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line 3156, in yview
    self.tk.call((self._w, 'yview') + what)
Stopping threadTclError: invalid command name ".14762592"

 Exception in receiver thread, stopping...
Thread stopped

.\source\testtools\device-log-transformer>python tkinter-autoscroll.py
Thread init
Starting thread
Thread started
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "tkinter-autoscroll.py", line 35, in run
    pos = self.scrollbar.get()[1]
  File "C:\Python26\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line 2809, in get
    return self._getdoubles(self.tk.call(self._w, 'get'))
  File "C:\Python26\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line 1028, in _getdoubles
    return tuple(map(getdouble, self.tk.splitlist(string)))
ValueError: invalid literal for float(): None
Exception in receiver thread, stopping...
Thread stopped
Stopping thread

.\source\testtools\device-log-transformer>python tkinter-autoscroll.py
Thread init
Starting thread
Thread started
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "tkinter-autoscroll.py", line 53, in run
    self.text.tag_add("error", startIndex, curIndex)
  File "C:\Python26\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line 3057, in tag_add
    (self._w, 'tag', 'add', tagName, index1) + args)
TclError: bad option "261.0": must be bbox, cget, compare, configure, count, debug, delete, dlineinfo, dump, edit, get, image, index, insert, mark, pe
er, replace, scan, search, see, tag, window, xview, or yview
Exception in receiver thread, stopping...
Thread stopped

I hope this helps you to help me :)

Thanks,

/J

Answer 1

It's hard to tell what's really going on but have you considered using a Queue?

from Tkinter import *
import time, Queue, thread

def simulate_input(queue):
    for i in range(100):
        info = time.time()
        queue.put(info)
        time.sleep(0.5)

class Demo:
    def __init__(self, root, dataQueue):
        self.root = root
        self.dataQueue = dataQueue

        self.text = Text(self.root, height=10)
        self.scroller = Scrollbar(self.root, command=self.text.yview)
        self.text.config(yscrollcommand=self.scroller.set)
        self.text.tag_config('newline', background='green')
        self.scroller.pack(side='right', fill='y')
        self.text.pack(fill='both', expand=1)

        self.root.after_idle(self.poll)

    def poll(self):
        try:
            data = self.dataQueue.get_nowait()
        except Queue.Empty:
            pass
        else:
            self.text.tag_remove('newline', '1.0', 'end')
            position = self.scroller.get()
            self.text.insert('end', '%s\n' %(data), 'newline')            
            if (position[1] == 1.0):
                self.text.see('end')
        self.root.after(1000, self.poll)

q = Queue.Queue()
root = Tk()
app = Demo(root, q)

worker = thread.start_new_thread(simulate_input, (q,))
root.mainloop()

Answer 2

Regarding your demo script.

You're doing GUI stuff from the non-GUI thread. That tends to cause problems.

see: http://www.effbot.org/zone/tkinter-threads.htm

Answer 3

OK,

based on the valuable suggestions by noob oddy I was able to rewrite the example script by using the Tkinter.generate_event() method to generate asynchronous event and a queue to pass the information.

Every time a line is read from the stream (which is simulated by a constant string and a delay), I append the line to a queue (because passing objects to the event method is not supported AFAIK) and then create a new event.

The event callback method retrieves the message from the queue and adds it to the Text widged. This works because this method is called from the Tkinter mainloop an thus it cannot interfere with the other jobs.

Here is the script:

import re,sys,time
from Tkinter import *
import Tkinter
import threading
import traceback
import Queue


class ReaderThread(threading.Thread): 
    def __init__(self, root, queue):
        print "Thread init"
        threading.Thread.__init__(self) 
        self.root = root
        self.running = True
        self.q = queue

    def stop(self):
        print "Stopping thread"
        running = False

    def run(self):
        print "Thread started"
        time.sleep(5)

        try:
            while(self.running):
                # emulating delay when reading from serial interface
                time.sleep(0.05)
                curline = "the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog\n"

                try:
                    self.q.put(curline)
                    self.root.event_generate('<<AppendLine>>', when='tail')
                # If it failed, the window has been destoyed: over
                except TclError as e:
                    print e
                    break

        except Exception as e:
            traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stdout)
            print "Exception in receiver thread, stopping..."
            pass
        print "Thread stopped"


class Transformer:
    def __init__(self):
        self.q = Queue.Queue()
        self.lineIndex = 1
        pass

    def appendLine(self, event):
        line = self.q.get_nowait()

        if line == None:
            return

        i = self.lineIndex
        curIndex = "1.0"
        lowerEdge = 1.0
        pos = 1.0

        # get cur position
        pos = self.scrollbar.get()[1]

        # Disable scrollbar
        self.text.configure(yscrollcommand=None, state=NORMAL)

        # Add to text window
        self.text.insert(END, str(line))
        startIndex = repr(i) + ".0"
        curIndex = repr(i) + ".end"

        # Perform colorization
        if i % 6 == 0:
            self.text.tag_add("warn", startIndex, curIndex)
        elif i % 6 == 1:
            self.text.tag_add("debug", startIndex, curIndex)                            
        elif i % 6 == 2:
            self.text.tag_add("info", startIndex, curIndex)                         
        elif i % 6 == 3:
            self.text.tag_add("error", startIndex, curIndex)                            
        elif i % 6 == 4:
            self.text.tag_add("fatal", startIndex, curIndex)                            
        i = i + 1

        # Enable scrollbar
        self.text.configure(yscrollcommand=self.scrollbar.set, state=DISABLED)

        # Auto scroll down to the end if scroll bar was at the bottom before
        # Otherwise allow customer scrolling                        

        if pos == 1.0:
            self.text.yview(END)

        self.lineIndex = i

    def start(self):
        """starts to read linewise from self.in_stream and parses the read lines"""
        count = 1
        self.root = Tk()
        self.root.title("Tkinter Auto-Scrolling Test")#
        self.root.bind('<<AppendLine>>', self.appendLine)
        self.topPane = PanedWindow(self.root, orient=HORIZONTAL)
        self.topPane.pack(side=TOP, fill=X)
        self.lowerPane = PanedWindow(self.root, orient=VERTICAL)

        self.scrollbar = Scrollbar(self.root)
        self.scrollbar.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)
        self.text = Text(wrap=WORD, yscrollcommand=self.scrollbar.set)
        self.scrollbar.config(command=self.text.yview)
        # Color definition for log levels
        self.text.tag_config("debug",foreground="gray50")
        self.text.tag_config("info",foreground="green")
        self.text.tag_config("warn",foreground="orange")
        self.text.tag_config("error",foreground="red")
        self.text.tag_config("fatal",foreground="#8B008B")
        # set default color
        self.text.config(background="black", foreground="gray");
        self.text.pack(expand=YES, fill=BOTH)       

        self.lowerPane.add(self.text)
        self.lowerPane.pack(expand=YES, fill=BOTH)

        t = ReaderThread(self.root, self.q)
        print "Starting thread"
        t.start()

        try:
            self.root.mainloop()
        except Exception as e:
            print "Exception in window manager: ", e

        t.stop()
        t.join()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    try:
        trans = Transformer()
        trans.start()
    except Exception as e:
        print "Error: ", e
        sys.exit(1)     

Thanks again to everybody who contributed for your help!