“ stdio”和“ stdlib”在C中代表什么？

Question

And is there anywhere that explains all the shorthand library names? I don't want documentation on what the libraries do, I just want to know what the titles are short for. Are they abbreviations?

Answer 1

OK, how about getting a list going then:

• "stdio": standard input/output
• "stdlib": standard library
• "printf": print formatted
• "fprintf": file print formatted ("print formatted to file")
• "sprintf": string print formatted ("print formatted to string")
• "vfprintf": variadic fprintf
• "fputc": file put char ("put char into file")
• "scanf": scan formatted
• "fread": file read ("read from file")
• "pthread": Posix thread
• "uint16_t": unsigned integral type, 16 bits wide
• "sigatomic_t": a type that can be accessed atomically in signal handlers
• "_t" in general: A suffix reserved for type names in the standard library.
• "float": floating point number
• "double": double-precision floating point number
• "char": character
• "bit": binary digit
• "fd": file descriptor
• "fcntl.h": file control (Posix file descriptors)
• "ioctl.h": I/O control (also Posix)
• "stat": status of a file (also Posix)
• "lstat": status, possibly of a link itself
• "fstat": status of a file descriptor
• "sleep": interrupt normal activity in favour of no activity at all
• "usleep": version of the above that takes argument in microseconds (µs), with 'u' looking a bit like 'µ' whilst being basic ASCII
• "recv": receive
• "creat": create
• "str": string, in C this usually refers to null-terminated char arrays
• "strtok": tokenize string
• "pow": power
• "frexp": fractional part (significand) and exponent
• "abs": absolute value
• "malloc": memory allocate
• "calloc": allocate and clarify that the initial state is zero
• "wcsrtombs": wide character string to multibyte string, reentrant
• "wctomb": wide character to multibyte character(s)
• "iconv": ???
• "uconv": ICU version of "iconv"

Answer 2

标准I / O（输入输出）和标准库

Answer 3

You want to know how to find these for yourself. (I like Kerrek SB's list, but I can't blame you for wanting to know how to look these things up on your own.)

First things first: If you're on Debian or Ubuntu, I strongly recommend installing the manpages-posix and manpages-posix-dev packages in addition to the usual manpages package. These give you access to the standards in addition to the Linux man-pages project .

The difference is immediately visible with:

man 2 close       # gives you the Linux documentation of the system call
man 3posix close  # gives you the POSIX definition of the function

You can also see the difference for functions that aren't likely to be system calls:

man 3 qsort       # Linux man-pages project describing the glibc function
man 3posix qsort  # POSIX standard definition of the function, should be useful
                    description for any POSIX-compliant system

I also recommend installing the dict , dictd , and dict-jargon or dict-foldoc (or both) packages:

$ dict stdin
2 definitions found

From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (26 July 2010) [foldoc]:

  standard input/output
  standard I/O
  stderr
  stdin
  stdio
  stdout

     <programming, operating system> The predefined input/output
     channels which every {Unix} process is initialised with.
     Standard input is by default from the terminal, and standard
     output and standard error are to the terminal.  Each of these
     channels (controlled via a {file descriptor} 0, 1, or 2 -
     stdin, stdout, stderr) can be redirected to a file, another
     device or a {pipe} connecting its process to another process.
     The process is normally unaware of such {I/O redirection},
     thus simplifying prototyping of combinations of commands.

     The {C} programming language library includes routines to
     perform basic operations on standard I/O.  Examples are
     "printf", allowing text to be sent to standard output, and
     "scanf", allowing the program to read from standard input.

     (1996-06-07)


From V.E.R.A. -- Virtual Entity of Relevant Acronyms (June 2006) [vera]:

  STDIN
         STandarD INput

$ dict stdlib
No definitions found for "stdlib"
$ 

(Hilarious, right? Doesn't have one of the ones you wanted. But still, they're wonderful tools.)

Answer 4

stdio: Standard Input/Output

http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/clibrary/cstdio/

"...using the C Standard Input and Output Library (cstdio, known as stdio.h in the C language)"

stdlib: Standard Library

http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/clibrary/cstdlib/

"C Standard General Utilities Library This header defines several general purpose functions..."