如何使用 pyYAML 将 python 元组添加到 YAML 文件？

Question

The title is fairly self-explanatory.

When I save a tuple to a YAML file, I get something that looks like this:

ambient:  !!python/tuple [0.3, 0.3 ,0.3]

When I try to load it with yaml.safe_load(file_object), I keep getting an error that reads:

yaml.constructor.ConstructorError:  could not determine a constructor for the tag 'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/tuple'

What needs to be done?

Answer 1

In pyyaml, the SafeLoader does not include a loader for the python native types, only the types defined in the yaml spec. You can see the types for the SafeLoader and the Loader here in the interaction sample below.

You can define a new Loader class that adds in the python tuple, but not other types, so it should still be pretty safe:

import yaml

class PrettySafeLoader(yaml.SafeLoader):
    def construct_python_tuple(self, node):
        return tuple(self.construct_sequence(node))

PrettySafeLoader.add_constructor(
    u'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/tuple',
    PrettySafeLoader.construct_python_tuple)

doc = yaml.dump(tuple("foo bar baaz".split()))
print repr(doc)
thing = yaml.load(doc, Loader=PrettySafeLoader)
print thing

resulting in:

'!!python/tuple [foo, bar, baaz]\n'
('foo', 'bar', 'baaz')

See below for the constructors associated with the SafeLoader and the Loader classes.

>>> yaml.SafeLoader.yaml_constructors
{None: <unbound method SafeConstructor.construct_undefined>,
 u'tag:yaml.org,2002:binary': <unbound method SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_binary>,
 u'tag:yaml.org,2002:bool': <unbound method SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_bool>,
 u'tag:yaml.org,2002:float': <unbound method SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_float>,
 u'tag:yaml.org,2002:int': <unbound method SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_int>,
 u'tag:yaml.org,2002:map': <unbound method SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_map>,
 u'tag:yaml.org,2002:null': <unbound method SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_null>,
 u'tag:yaml.org,2002:omap': <unbound method SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_omap>,
 u'tag:yaml.org,2002:pairs': <unbound method SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_pairs>,
 u'tag:yaml.org,2002:seq': <unbound method SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_seq>,
 u'tag:yaml.org,2002:set': <unbound method SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_set>,
 u'tag:yaml.org,2002:str': <unbound method SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_str>,
 u'tag:yaml.org,2002:timestamp': <unbound method SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_timestamp>}

>>> yaml.Loader.yaml_constructors
{None: <unbound method SafeConstructor.construct_undefined>,
 u'tag:yaml.org,2002:binary': <unbound method SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_binary>,
 u'tag:yaml.org,2002:bool': <unbound method SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_bool>,
 u'tag:yaml.org,2002:float': <unbound method SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_float>,
 u'tag:yaml.org,2002:int': <unbound method SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_int>,
 u'tag:yaml.org,2002:map': <unbound method SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_map>,
 u'tag:yaml.org,2002:null': <unbound method SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_null>,
 u'tag:yaml.org,2002:omap': <unbound method SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_omap>,
 u'tag:yaml.org,2002:pairs': <unbound method SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_pairs>,
 u'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/bool': <unbound method Constructor.construct_yaml_bool>,
 u'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/complex': <unbound method Constructor.construct_python_complex>,
 u'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/dict': <unbound method Constructor.construct_yaml_map>,
 u'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/float': <unbound method Constructor.construct_yaml_float>,
 u'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/int': <unbound method Constructor.construct_yaml_int>,
 u'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/list': <unbound method Constructor.construct_yaml_seq>,
 u'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/long': <unbound method Constructor.construct_python_long>,
 u'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/none': <unbound method Constructor.construct_yaml_null>,
 u'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/str': <unbound method Constructor.construct_python_str>,
 u'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/tuple': <unbound method Constructor.construct_python_tuple>,
 u'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/unicode': <unbound method Constructor.construct_python_unicode>,
 u'tag:yaml.org,2002:seq': <unbound method SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_seq>,
 u'tag:yaml.org,2002:set': <unbound method SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_set>,
 u'tag:yaml.org,2002:str': <unbound method SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_str>,
 u'tag:yaml.org,2002:timestamp': <unbound method SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_timestamp>}

Answer 2

For those, who are looking for an up-to-date answer.

Currently, this issue can be solved by using yaml.FullLoader .

import yaml
yaml_file = open("path/to/filename.yaml", 'r')
loaded_yaml = yaml.load(yaml_file, Loader=yaml.FullLoader)

Then entries marked as tuples as below will be correctly parsed without any issues.

!!python/tuple [0.3, 0.3 ,0.3]

Answer 3

At least according to the PyYAML documentation :

The function yaml.safe_load limits this ability to simple Python objects like integers or lists.

The list, as you can see in the source , is somewhat more extensive but does not include tag:yaml.org,2002:python/tuple .

It appears that if you are generating a !!python/tuple type in your YAML file, you are using dump() as opposed to safe_dump() . If that's the case, you should probably switch to using load() in place of safe_load() , as files created by dump() are not guaranteed to be loadable by safe_load() . (See the description of safe_dump() ).