在函数中覆盖运算符

Question

I want to define operators for a class instance within a class function, like so:

class MyClass(object):

    @property
    def _arithmetic_threshold(self):
        return self.threshold # this will be defined somewhere

    @_arithmetic_threshold.setter
    def _arithmetic_threshold(self,value):
        self.threshold = value
        self._define_arithmetic_attributes()

    def _define_arithmetic_attributes(self):
        """
        Wrapper to define all arithmetic attributes (in order to allow threshold changes)
        """

        self.__add__ = self._operation_wrapper(np.add,threshold=self._arithmetic_threshold)
        self.__sub__ = self._operation_wrapper(np.subtract,threshold=self._arithmetic_threshold)
        self.__mul__ = self._operation_wrapper(np.multiply,threshold=self._arithmetic_threshold)
        self.__div__ = self._operation_wrapper(np.divide,threshold=self._arithmetic_threshold)

However, this doesn't seem to work - I feel like I'm missing something about how the operators - , + , etc, call these functions. ie:

class MyClass2(object):
    def __add__(self,other,threshold=None):
        if threshold is not None:
            return self+other
        else:
            # do something here involving checking a threshold....
            pass

in MyClass2, the behavior of __add__ will be different. Can anyone explain how they are different, and how to make the behavior of the operator methods in MyClass similar to MyClass2?

EDIT: Just to make clear why I'm trying to do this, here's _operation_wrapper . The class this is a method of is a "Spectrum" object, which has an X-axis and a Y-axis. The goal is to allow arithmetic on the Y axes, but only if the X axes match. However, it is acceptable for them to match to, say, 1/5th of a pixel size, so I wanted to do more that pure 'exact' matching.

def _operation_wrapper(operation):
    """
    Perform an operation (addition, subtraction, mutiplication, division, etc.)
    after checking for shape matching
    """

    def ofunc(self, other): 
        if np.isscalar(other):
            newspec = self.copy()
            newspec.data = operation(newspec.data, other) 
            return newspec
        else: # purely for readability

            if self._arithmetic_threshold == 'exact':
                xarrcheck = all(self.xarr == other.xarr)
            else:
                if self._arithmetic_threshold_units is None:
                    # not sure this should ever be allowed
                    xarrcheck = all((self.xarr-other.xarr) < self._arithmetic_threshold)
                else:
                    xarrcheck = all((self.xarr.as_unit(self._arithmetic_threshold_units)-other.xarr.as_unit(self._arithmetic_threshold_units)) < self._arithmetic_threshold)

            if self.shape == other.shape and xarrcheck:
                newspec = self.copy()
                newspec.data = operation(newspec.data, other.data)
                return newspec
            elif self.shape != other.shape:
                raise ValueError("Shape mismatch in data")
            elif not xarrcheck:
                raise ValueError("X-axes do not match.")

    return ofunc

Answer 1

Special methods like __add__() are looked up on the type of the object, not on the instance. So

a + b

is roughly translated to

type(a).__add__(a, b)

This means that setting __add__ on the instance does not do anything useful (except for making a.__add__(b) work).

Your example is a bit incomplete, so I can't provide full working code. You might be able to move the code from _define_arithmetic_attributes() to the class body and access self.threshold from inside operation_wrapper() .

(Note that I don't get the point of the _arithmetic_threshold property. Why don't you simply access self.threshold itself?)