使用反向引用来引用模式而不是实际匹配

Question

I am trying to write a regex which would match a (not necessarily repeating) sequence of text blocks, eg:

foo,bar,foo,bar

My initial thought was to use backreferences, something like

(foo|bar)(,\\1)*

But it turns out that this regex only matches foo,foo or bar,bar but not foo,bar or bar,foo (and so on).

Is there any other way to refer to a part of a pattern?

In the real world, foo and bar are 50+ character long regexes and I simply want to avoid copy pasting them to define a sequence.

Answer 1

With a decent regex flavor you could use (foo|bar)(?:,(?-1))* or the like. But Java does not support subpattern calls.

So you end up having a choice of doing String replace/format like in ajx's answer, or you could condition the comma if you know when it should be present and when not. For example:

(?:(?:foo|bar)(?:,(?!$|\s)|))+

Answer 2

Perhaps you could build your regex bit by bit in Java, as in:

String subRegex = "foo|bar";
String fullRegex = String.format("(%1$s)(,(%1$s))*", subRegex);

The second line could be factored out into a function. The function would take a subexpression and return a full regex that would match a comma-separated list of subexpressions.

Answer 3

The point of the back reference is to match the actual text that matches, not the pattern, so I'm not sure you could use that.

Can you use quantifiers like:

    String s= "foo,bar,foo,bar";
            String externalPattern = "(foo|bar)"; // comes from somewhere else
            Pattern p = Pattern.compile(externalPattern+","+externalPattern+"*");
    Matcher m = p.matcher(s);
    boolean b = m.find();

which would match 2 or more instances of foo or bar (followed by commas)