你如何在python中实现ant样式模式集来选择文件组？

Question

Ant has a nice way to select groups of files, most handily using ** to indicate a directory tree. Eg

**/CVS/*            # All files immediately under a CVS directory.
mydir/mysubdir/**   # All files recursively under mysubdir

More examples can be seen here:

http://ant.apache.org/manual/dirtasks.html

How would you implement this in python, so that you could do something like:

files = get_files("**/CVS/*")
for file in files:
    print file

=>
CVS/Repository
mydir/mysubdir/CVS/Entries
mydir/mysubdir/foo/bar/CVS/Entries

Answer 1

Sorry, this is quite a long time after your OP. I have just released a Python package which does exactly this - it's called Formic and it's available at the PyPI Cheeseshop . With Formic, your problem is solved with:

import formic
fileset = formic.FileSet(include="**/CVS/*", default_excludes=False)
for file_name in fileset.qualified_files():
    print file_name

There is one slight complexity: default_excludes. Formic, just like Ant, excludes CVS directories by default (as for the most part collecting files from them for a build is dangerous), the default answer to the question would result in no files. Setting default_excludes=False disables this behaviour.

Answer 2

As soon as you come across a ** , you're going to have to recurse through the whole directory structure, so I think at that point, the easiest method is to iterate through the directory with os.walk, construct a path, and then check if it matches the pattern. You can probably convert to a regex by something like:

def glob_to_regex(pat, dirsep=os.sep):
    dirsep = re.escape(dirsep)
    print re.escape(pat)
    regex = (re.escape(pat).replace("\\*\\*"+dirsep,".*")
                           .replace("\\*\\*",".*")
                           .replace("\\*","[^%s]*" % dirsep)
                           .replace("\\?","[^%s]" % dirsep))
    return re.compile(regex+"$")

(Though note that this isn't that fully featured - it doesn't support [az] style glob patterns for instance, though this could probably be added). (The first \\*\\*/ match is to cover cases like \\*\\*/CVS matching ./CVS , as well as having just \\*\\* to match at the tail.)

However, obviously you don't want to recurse through everything below the current dir when not processing a ** pattern, so I think you'll need a two-phase approach. I haven't tried implementing the below, and there are probably a few corner cases, but I think it should work:

1. Split the pattern on your directory seperator. ie pat.split('/') -> ['**','CVS','*']

2. Recurse through the directories, and look at the relevant part of the pattern for this level. ie. n levels deep -> look at pat[n] .

3. If pat[n] == '**' switch to the above strategy:

   • Reconstruct the pattern with dirsep.join(pat[n:])
   • Convert to a regex with glob\\_to\\_regex()
   • Recursively os.walk through the current directory, building up the path relative to the level you started at. If the path matches the regex, yield it.

4. If pat doesn't match "**" , and it is the last element in the pattern, then yield all files/dirs matching glob.glob(os.path.join(curpath,pat[n]))

5. If pat doesn't match "**" , and it is NOT the last element in the pattern, then for each directory, check if it matches (with glob) pat[n] . If so, recurse down through it, incrementing depth (so it will look at pat[n+1] )

Answer 3

os.walk is your friend. Look at the example in the Python manual ( https://docs.python.org/2/library/os.html#os.walk ) and try to build something from that.

To match " **/CVS/* " against a file name you get, you can do something like this:

def match(pattern, filename):
    if pattern.startswith("**"):
        return fnmatch.fnmatch(file, pattern[1:])
    else:
        return fnmatch.fnmatch(file, pattern)

In fnmatch.fnmatch , "*" matches anything (including slashes).

Answer 4

There's an implementation in the 'waf' build system source code. http://code.google.com/p/waf/source/browse/trunk/waflib/Node.py?r=10755#471 May be this should be wrapped up in a library of its own?

Answer 5

Yup. Your best bet is, as has already been suggested, to work with 'os.walk'. Or, write wrappers around ' glob ' and ' fnmatch ' modules, perhaps.

Answer 6

os.walk is your best bet for this. I did the example below with .svn because I had that handy, and it worked great:

import re

for (dirpath, dirnames, filenames) in os.walk("."):
    if re.search(r'\.svn$', dirpath):
        for file in filenames:
            print file