将多维 PHP 数组切分到其元素之一

Question

Say for example you just queried a database and you recieved this 2D array.

$results = array(
    array('id' => 1, 'name' => 'red'  , 'spin' =>  1),
    array('id' => 2, 'name' => 'green', 'spin' => -1),
    array('id' => 3, 'name' => 'blue' , 'spin' => .5)
);

I often find myself writing loops like this.

foreach($results as $result)
    $names[] = $result['name'];

My questions is does there exist a way to get this array $names without using a loop? Using callback functions count as using a loop.

Here is a more generic example of getting every field.

foreach($results as $result)
    foreach($result as $key => $value)
        $fields[$key][] = $value;

Answer 1

As of June 20th in PHP-5.5 there is a new function array_column

For example:

$records = array(
    array(
        'id' => 2135,
        'first_name' => 'John',
        'last_name' => 'Doe'
    ),
    array(
        'id' => 3245,
        'first_name' => 'Sally',
        'last_name' => 'Smith'
    ),
    array(
        'id' => 5342,
        'first_name' => 'Jane',
        'last_name' => 'Jones'
    ),
    array(
        'id' => 5623,
        'first_name' => 'Peter',
        'last_name' => 'Doe'
    )
);


$firstNames = array_column($records, 'first_name');
print_r($firstNames);

Will return

Array
(
    [0] => John
    [1] => Sally
    [2] => Jane
    [3] => Peter
)

There are even more examples in the above mentioned link.

Answer 2

I voted @Devon's response up because there really isn't a way to do what you're asking with a built-in function. The best you can do is write your own:

function array_column($array, $column)
{
    $ret = array();
    foreach ($array as $row) $ret[] = $row[$column];
    return $ret;
}

Answer 3

Starting PHP 5.3, you can use this pretty call with lambda function:

$names = array_map(function ($v){ return $v['name']; }, $results);

This will return array sliced by 'name' dimension.

Answer 4

Simply put, no.

You will need to use a loop or a callback function like array_walk .

Answer 5

I did more research on this and found that ruby and prototype both have a function that does this called array_pluck , 2 . It's interesting that array_map has a second use that allows you to do the inverse of what i want to do here. I also found a PHP class someone is writing to emulate prototypes manipulation of arrays.

I'm going to do some more digging around and if I don't find anything else I'll work on a patch to submit to the internals@lists.php.net mailing list and see if they will add array_pluck.

Answer 6

For those of you that cannot upgrade to PHP5.5 right now and need this function, here is an implementation of array_column .

function array_column($array, $column){
    $a2 = array();
    array_map(function ($a1) use ($column, &$a2){
        array_push($a2, $a1[$column]);
    }, $array);
    return $a2;
}

Answer 7

If you are running a version of PHP before 5.5 and array_column() , you can use the official replacement in plain PHP:

https://github.com/ramsey/array_column

Answer 8

You could do:

$tmp = array_flip($names);
$names = array_keys($tmp);

Answer 9

I think this will do what you want

array_uintersect_uassoc

You would have to do something like this

$results = array(
    array('id' => 1, 'name' => 'red'  , 'spin' =>  1),
    array('id' => 2, 'name' => 'green', 'spin' => -1),
    array('id' => 3, 'name' => 'blue' , 'spin' => .5)
);
$name = array_uintersect_uassoc( $results, array('name' => 'value')  , 0, "cmpKey");
print_r($name);

//////////////////////////////////////////////////
// FUNCTIONS
//////////////////////////////////////////////////
function cmpKey($key1, $key2) {
  if ($key1 == $key2) {
    return 0;
  } else {
    return -1;
  }
}

However, I don't have access to PHP5 so I haven't tested this.

Answer 10

This is fast function alternative of array_column()

if(!function_exists('array_column')) {
    function array_column($element_name) {
        $ele =   array_map(function($element) {
            return $element[$element_name];
        }, $a);
        return  $ele;
    }
}

Answer 11

other alternative

 function transpose(array $array): array
 {
     $out = array();
     foreach ($array as $rowkey => $row) {
        foreach ($row as $colkey => $col) {
                $out[$colkey][$rowkey] = $col;
         }
     }
        return $out;
 }

 function filter_columns(array $arr, string ...$columns): array
 {
     return array_intersect_key($arr, array_flip($columns));
 }

test

$results = array(
    array('id' => 1, 'name' => 'red'  , 'spin' =>  1),
    array('id' => 2, 'name' => 'green', 'spin' => -1),
    array('id' => 3, 'name' => 'blue' , 'spin' => .5)
);

 var_dump(filter_columns(transpose($results),'name'));
 var_dump(filter_columns(transpose($results),'id','name'));
 var_dump(filter_columns(transpose($results),'id','spin'));