如何使用Ruby on Rails将数据从控制器传递到模型？

Question

How do you pass data from a controller to a model?

In my application_controller I grab the user's location (state and city) and include a before_filter to make it accesible in all my controllers via

before_filter :community

def community
    @city = request.location.city
    @state = request.location.state
    @community = @city+@state
  end

Then I try add the data retrieved in the controller to the model via:

before_save :add_community

def add_community
      self.community = @community
    end

The data, however, never makes its way from the controller to the model. If I use:

def add_community
    @city = request.location.city
    @state = request.location.state
    @community = @city+@state
    self.community = @community
  end

The methods request.location.city and request.location.state do not function from the model. I know that everything else is working because if I define @city and @state as strings, under def_community , then everything works, except I don't have a dynamic variable, just a string placed in the model. Also, I know the requests are working in the controller/views, because I can get them to display the proper dynamic info. The issue is simply getting the data from the controller to the model. Thanks a lot for your time.

Answer 1

The concept you're wrestling with is MVC architecture , which is about separating responsibilities. The models should handle interaction with the DB (or other backend) without needing any knowledge of the context they're being used in (whether it be a an HTTP request or otherwise), views should not need to know about the backend, and controllers handle interactions between the two.

So in the case of your Rails app, the views and controllers have access to the request object, while your models do not. If you want to pass information from the current request to your model, it's up to your controller to do so. I would define your add_community as follows:

class User < ActiveRecord::Base

  def add_community(city, state)
    self.community = city.to_s + state.to_s  # to_s just in case you got nils
  end

end

And then in your controller:

class UsersController < ApplicationController

  def create  # I'm assuming it's create you're dealing with
    ...
    @user.add_community(request.location.city, request.location.state)
    ...
  end
end

I prefer not to pass the request object directly, because that really maintains the separation of the model from the current request. The User model doesn't need to know about request objects or how they work. All it knows is it's getting a city and a state .

Hope that helps.

Answer 2

The class instance variables (those that start with @) in the controllers are separate from those in the models. This is the Model vs the Controller in MVC architecture. The Model and Controller (and view) are separated.

You move info from a controller to a model explicitly. In Rails and other object oriented systems, you have several options:

Use function parameters

# In the controller
user = User.new(:community => @community)

# In this example, :community is a database field/column of the 
# User model    

Docs

Use instance variables attribute setters

# In the controller
user = User.new
user.community = @community
# same as above, :community is a database field

Passing data to models when the data is not a database field

# In the model
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
  attr_accessor :community
  # In this example, :community is NOT a database attribute of the 
  # User model. It is an instance variable that can be used
  # by the model's calculations. It is not automatically stored in the db

# In the controller -- Note, same as above -- the controller 
# doesn't know if the field is a database attribute or not. 
# (This is a good thing)
user = User.new
user.community = @community

Docs