在Python 2和3中统一生成字典的生成器

Question

Is there a way to efficiently iterate over the values/items in a dictionary that works in both Python 2 and Python 3?

In Python 2, I can write

for x in mydict:
for x in mydict.iterkeys():
for x in mydict.viewkeys():
for x in mydict.itervalues():
for x in mydict.viewvalues():
for x in mydict.iteritems():
for x in mydict.viewitems():

and in Python 3, I have the following possibilities:

for x in mydict:
for x in mydict.keys():
for x in mydict.values():
for x in mydict.items():

So, I can iterate over the keys with for x in mydict , and that works in both Python 2 and 3. But is there a way to iterate over values and key-value pairs ('items') that works universally? I need it for writing Python code that can be run in both Python versions.

(On a side note, other obstacles with iterators can be bypassed easily; take for example:

if sys.version_info.major<3:
    from itertools import izip as zip, imap as map

However, the dictionary methods cannot be redefined easily like map and zip .)

Any ideas?

Answer 1

values() version of Just another dunce's answer

for value in (mydict[key] for key in mydict):

or

def dict_values(d):
   return (mydict[key] for key in mydict)

def dict_items(d):
   return ((key, mydict[key]) for key in mydict)

for value in dict_values(mydict):
    ...

for value in dict_items(mydict):
    ...

This is pretty crappy though. You could check the python version and instead of returning the generator, return d.items() or d.iteritems() as appropriate

I think a better question may be how to write Python2 code that works well with 2to3 and generates good Python3 code

Answer 2

The following code works in both Py2 and Py3:

def iteritems(d):
    'Factor-out Py2-to-3 differences in dictionary item iterator methods'
    try:
         return d.iteritems()
    except AttributeError:
         return d.items()

d = dict(red=1, blue=2, green=3)
for k, v in iteritems(d):
    print(k)
    print(v)
    print('')

Note, this solution has the advantage of using the native iterators rather than rolling your own generators and doing your own lookups. The native iterators are faster than the other solutions presented.

Answer 3

This will give you a generator:

for key,value in ((key,mydict[key] for key in mydict)

If you want a list, use [] around the expression instead of the () on the outside

Answer 4

Python2.7 has an .items method in the dictionary which allows you to iterate over (key,value) tuples. Python3 has the same API (although the implementation is different). Will this work for you?