如何使这个Java接口灵活

Question

I have this Java Interface:

public interface Box {
   public void open();
   public void close();
}

This interface is extended by this class:

public class RedBox implements Box {

   public void open() {

   }

   public void close() {

   }
}

The problems is that I'm looking to add other classes in the future that will also implement the Box Interface. Those new classes will have their own methods, for example one of the classes will have a putInBox() method, But if I add the putInBox() method to the Box Interface, I will also be forced to add an empty implementation of putInBox() method to the previous classes that implemented the Box Interface like the RedBox class above.

I'm adding putInBox() to the Box Interface because there is a class Caller that takes an object of classes that implemented the Box Interface, example:

public class Caller {

    private Box box;
    private int command;

    public Caller(Box b) {
        this.box = b;
    }

    public void setCommandID(int id) {
        this.command = id;
    }

    public void call() {

        if(command == 1) {
            box.open();
        }
        if(command == 2) {
            box.close();
        }

        // more commands here...
    }
}

Caller c = new Caller(new RedBox());

c.call();

How do I implement the Box Interface in the new classes without been forced to add empty implementation of new methods to each of the previous classes that implemented the Box Interface.

Answer 1

You are not limited to a single interface - you can build an entire hierarchy! For example, you can make these three interfaces:

public interface Box {
    public void open();
    public void close();
}
public interface LockableBox extends Box {
    public void lock();
    public void unlock();
}
public interface MutableBox extends Box {
    public void putItem(int item);
    public void removeItem(int item);
}

Now your boxes can implement an interface from the hierarchy that fits your design.

public class RedBox implements LockableBox {
    public void open() {}
    public void close() {}
    public void lock() {}
    public void unlock() {}
}

public class BlueBox implements MutableBox {
    public void open() {}
    public void close() {}
    public void putItem(int item) {}
    public void removeItem(int item) {}
}

With a hierarchy in place, you can continue programming to the interface:

MutableBox mb = new BlueBox();
mb.putItem(123);
LockableBox lb = new RedBox();
lb.unlock();

Answer 2

实现Box接口的新类只需要实现Box接口中的方法，而不是实现Box接口的其他类中的任何其他方法。

Answer 3

As said above, there's no need to have a new method in a new class added to the Box interface itself, you can just leave it in that new class, and so it won't interfere with any other implementation.

But if you do want to have new methods at the interface level, a way to introduce some flexibility is to use an (abstract) base implementation of your interface that provides (empty) implementations of all methods:

public abstract class BoxBase implements Box {
  public void open() { }

  public void close() { }

}

public class RedBox extends BoxBase {

   @Override
   public void open() {
     // open a red box
   }
}

This way, when adding new methods to your Box interface, you will only need to add an implementation of the method to the BoxBase class, and it won't interfere with your RedBox class.