为什么spring @Autowired不能使用java泛型

Question

Inspired by spring data awesomeness I wanted to create a abstract RESTController that I could extend for a lot of my controllers. I created the following class:

@Controller
public abstract class RESTController<E, PK extends Serializable, R extends PagingAndSortingRepository<E, PK>>
{
    @Autowired
    private R repository;

    @RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.GET, params={"id"})
    @ResponseBody 
    public E getEntity(@RequestParam PK id)
    {
        return repository.findOne(id);
    }

    ...
}

I was hoping that the generics would allow me to @Autowired in the repository but I get the following error:

SEVERE: Allocate exception for servlet appServlet
org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No unique bean of type [org.springframework.data.repository.PagingAndSortingRepository] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 3: [groupRepository, externalCourseRepository, managedCourseRepository]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:800)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:707)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:478)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:87)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:284)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1106)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:517)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:456)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:294)

I understand what the error is telling me, there is more than one match for the @Autowired. I am confused because I thought by creating the following controller it would work:

@Controller
@RequestMapping(value="/managedCourse")
public class ManagedCourseController extends RESTController<ManagedCourse, Long, ManagedCourseRepository>
{
    ...
}

This is easy enough to work around by doing having a method like this in the RESTController:

protected abstract R getRepository();

and then doing this in your implementing class:

@Autowired
private ManagedCourseRepository repository;

@Override
protected ManagedCourseRepository getRepository() 
{
    return repository;
}

I was just wondering if someone had any thoughts of how I could get this to work.

Also I found this interesting aritcle.

Answer 1

I don't think there is any way to get this work with Spring. I have read the source code of Spring Ioc before, and find that it doesn't care the Generic Declaration on Class Level, but just Field or Method Parameter. Look in to class org.springframework.beans.factory.config.DependencyDescriptor if you are interested, and you'll find what I said.

Answer 2

I would actually recommend XML-based wiring over annotations in this case. It seems to me you're trying to avoid a lot of needless duplication in your controller instances. If you had a single REST controller class, the container can then instantiate as many instances as you need, mapping each to a different URI.

Annotations are more of a shorthand for cases where you plan to create a single instance. This happens to cover about 90% of form-based J2EE session beans, but it's not a panacea.

Answer 3

Spring使用成员的类型来“自动连接”它，因此使用泛型只提供通用类型信息，而不是您希望spring为您注入的特定类型。