最小化通过UDP传输数据的最有效方法是什么？

Question

I'm not into bits and bytes too much, so my apologies if this question is stupid.

I have some experience with sockets, usually for transferring small amounts of plain text. This time however I have to transfer much more data that I'm able to break apart via UDP.

I'm developing a game, where the server is written in Java and I want to send an array of objects to the client. Since I'm a webdeveloper JSON is the first thing that pops up for transferring data though I highly doubt this is the most effective way in networking.

In case of JSON:

{
    "players": [
        {
            "id": "884B0EAA2C7F16BA",   // hex string
            "name": "some guy",         // string
            "x": 0,                     // double
            "y": 0,                     // double
            "xv": 0,                    // double
            "yv": 0,                    // double
            "angle": 0,                 // double
        }, {
            "id": "AB61F7C2AAE0B488",   // hex string
            "name": "some other guy",   // string
            "x": 0,                     // double
            "y": 0,                     // double
            "xv": 0,                    // double
            "yv": 0,                    // double
            "angle": 0,                 // double
        }
    ]
}

Now, I could just add a custom delimiter to split data per player and another delimiter to split data. In my optics, one of the most effective ways would be to put the values of the player per line, and put a predefined character sequence between the values.

884B0EAA2C7F16BA[|]some guy[|]0[|]0[|]0[|]0[|]0
AB61F7C2AAE0B488[|]some other guy[|]0[|]0[|]0[|]0[|]0

Though this will work for me, there are still some security risks with names and such. I hardly can tell the client that a display name containing "[|]" is illegal.

What is the most effective way to minimize data for transfer?

Any additional information about encryption will be much appreciated!

Answer 1

Consider using Google Protocol Buffer. You define a message (in a .proto file), and it generates code for you in different programming languages.

The generated code is then capable of encoding/decoding your messages without any need for you to think about how the data is encoded.

The encoded messages will be very small, and very fast to encode/decode. Protocol buffer is really good at that.

There is some good documentation about it on the website: https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/

Answer 2

If your goal is to minimize data for transfer, you could always try a compression algorithm which is not too complicated (we don't want to spend a lot of time compressing and decompressing each packet). You could have a look at this question or search an external library such as this one .

Unless you can know for sure the length of each field of data, you must use some kind of delimiter. Avoiding some characters use in player names is used almost in every game out there, why can't you do that?

If you still want to allow any character at player names, send all of them together through a TCP socket, and build a table in each client with the pairs ID-Player name, and use unique IDs given by the server in your UDP sentences. In that way, you could use the delimiter safely.