在 Python 中运行交互式命令

Question

I have a script that I want to run from within Python (2.6.5) that follows the logic below:

• Prompts the user for a password. It looks like ("Enter password: ") (*Note: Input does not echo to screen)
• Output irrelevant information
• Prompt the user for a response ("Blah Blah filename.txt blah blah (Y/N)?: ")

The last prompt line contains text which I need to parse (filename.txt). The response provided doesn't matter (the program could actually exit here without providing one, as long as I can parse the line).

My requirements are somewhat similar to Wrapping an interactive command line application in a Python script , but the responses there seem a bit confusing, and mine still hangs even when the OP mentions that it doesn't for him.

Through looking around, I've come to the conclusion that subprocess is the best way of doing this, but I'm having a few issues. Here is my Popen line:

p = subprocess.Popen("cmd", shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, stdin=subprocess.PIPE)

• When I call a read() or readline() on stdout , the prompt is printer to the screen and it hangs.

• If I call a write("password\n") for stdin , the prompt is written to the screen and it hangs. The text in write() is not written (I don't the cursor move the a new line).

• If I call p.communicate("password\n") , same behavior as write()

I was looking for a few ideas here on the best way to input to stdin and possibly how to parse the last line in the output if your feeling generous, though I could probably figure that out eventually.

Answer 1

If you are communicating with a program that subprocess spawns, you should check out A non-blocking read on a subprocess.PIPE in Python . I had a similar problem with my application and found using queues to be the best way to do ongoing communication with a subprocess.

As for getting values from the user, you can always use the raw_input() builtin to get responses, and for passwords, try using the getpass module to get non-echoing passwords from your user. You can then parse those responses and write them to your subprocess' stdin.

I ended up doing something akin to the following:

import sys
import subprocess
from threading import Thread

try:
    from Queue import Queue, Empty
except ImportError:
    from queue import Queue, Empty  # Python 3.x


def enqueue_output(out, queue):
    for line in iter(out.readline, b''):
        queue.put(line)
    out.close()


def getOutput(outQueue):
    outStr = ''
    try:
        while True: # Adds output from the Queue until it is empty
            outStr+=outQueue.get_nowait()

    except Empty:
        return outStr

p = subprocess.Popen("cmd", stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, shell=False, universal_newlines=True)

outQueue = Queue()
errQueue = Queue()

outThread = Thread(target=enqueue_output, args=(p.stdout, outQueue))
errThread = Thread(target=enqueue_output, args=(p.stderr, errQueue))

outThread.daemon = True
errThread.daemon = True

outThread.start()
errThread.start()

try:
    someInput = raw_input("Input: ")
except NameError:
    someInput = input("Input: ")

p.stdin.write(someInput)
errors = getOutput(errQueue)
output = getOutput(outQueue)

Once you have the queues made and the threads started, you can loop through getting input from the user, getting errors and output from the process, and processing and displaying them to the user.

Answer 2

Using threading it might be slightly overkill for simple tasks. Instead os.spawnvpe can be used. It will spawn script shell as a process. You will be able to communicate interactively with the script. In this example I passed password as an argument, obviously it is a not good idea.

import os
import sys
from getpass import unix_getpass

def cmd(cmd):
    cmd = cmd.split()
    code = os.spawnvpe(os.P_WAIT, cmd[0], cmd, os.environ)
    if code == 127:
        sys.stderr.write('{0}: command not found\n'.format(cmd[0]))
    return code

password = unix_getpass('Password: ')
cmd_run = './run.sh --password {0}'.format(password)
cmd(cmd_run)

pattern = raw_input('Pattern: ')
lines = []
with open('filename.txt', 'r') as fd:
    for line in fd:
        if pattern in line:
            lines.append(line)

# manipulate lines

Answer 3

If you just want a user to enter a password without it being echoed to the screen just use the standard library's getpass module:

import getpass
print("You entered:", getpass.getpass())

NOTE:The prompt for this function defaults to "Password: " also this will only work on command lines where echoing can be controlled. So if it doesn't work try running it from terminal.