python模块导入错误

Question

I have the following structure:

AXBot:
    __init__.py
    bot.py
    util.py
    settings.py
    creator
        __init__.py
        xbot.py

The problem is that I cannot import the 'util' module in 'xbot.py' because python ends with 'ImportError: No module named util'... how can I solve?

PS: I am using the following code to import:

import util
import settings

Thank you.

Answer 1

Use relative importing

from . import util
from . import settings

I would recomment changing your folder hierarchy though, that looks cleaner to me. Also check your PYTHONPATH, it should normally work the way you did it.

References:

• PEP-0328
• How to import a Python class that is a directory above
• Import from parent directory

Try to stay away from sys.path hacks.

Answer 2

I think the namespacing is incorrect. From xbot.py, try using this import command

from AXBot import util
from AXBot import settings

Answer 3

It seems you're trying to run xbot.py from within the creator folder.

This is the output I get with xbot.py containing import util :

C:\Users\Luke\Python stuff\AXBot\creator>xbot.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Luke\Python stuff\AXBot\creator\xbot.py", line 4, in <module>
    import util
ImportError: No module named util

This is the output I get with xbot.py containing from . import util from . import util

C:\Users\Luke\Python stuff\AXBot\creator>xbot.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Luke\Python stuff\AXBot\creator\xbot.py", line 3, in <module>
    from . import util
ValueError: Attempted relative import in non-package

I also get this latter error with from .. import util instead of from . import util from . import util .

If you're running xbot.py from the directory containing it, Python can't tell that it's being run inside a package hierarchy. It thinks xbot.py isn't inside a package.

I replaced the line that attempted to import util with from AXBot import util , moved up a couple of directories and ran xbot.py using Python's -m command-line switch, which tells Python to run a module specified by module name instead of filename. Note that when you use -m , you pass in the fully-qualified name of the module, including the package hierarchy, but you don't include the file extension .py , because that's not part of the name of the module:

C:\Users\Luke\Python stuff\AXBot\creator>cd ..\..

C:\Users\Luke\Python stuff>python -m AXBot.creator.xbot
1232

I got the same output if I used import AXBot.util as util instead of from AXBot import util .

(I don't have your code to run, so instead I put a variable in util.py and attempted to print its value from within xbot.py . The value of this variable was 1232 .)

Answer 4

where you are is the most important question! according to that, you use the import . please update your question